天邪鬼

Chinese edit

		day; sky; heaven	daemonical; iniquitous; nefarious	ghost; sly; crafty
trad. (天邪鬼)		天	邪	鬼
simp. ^#(天邪鬼)		天	邪	鬼

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiānxiéguǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiānxiéguǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄨㄟˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiansiéguěi
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-hsieh²-kuei³
  - Yale: tyān-syé-gwěi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianshyegoei
  - Palladius: тяньсегуй (tjanʹseguj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Noun edit

天邪鬼

amanojaku

Japanese edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

天邪鬼

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Amanojaku

Wikipedia

天邪鬼 (amanojaku): an Edo period image of an amanojaku demon.

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
天	邪	鬼
あま(の) Grade: 1	じゃ Grade: S	く Grade: S
irregular

Compound of 天 (ama, “heaven”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 邪鬼 (jaki, “vengeful spirit, cursing kami”).

The jaku reading for the 邪鬼 term is unusual, and the reason for this deviation from the expected jaki reading is unclear. One theory holds that the reading is a shift from 天探女 (ama no sagume), the name of a yōkai that appears in ancient Japanese tales and that seems to have been conflated with the Buddhist jaki, a malevolent demon that leads people astray from the path to enlightenment:^[1]^[2]

/ama no saɡume/ → /amanozaku/ → /amanod͡ʑaku/

There is a cluster of phonologically similar forms listed in some sources,^[1]^[2] referring either to the Buddhist entity or the yōkai, consistent with the conflation theory:

/amanod͡ʑaku/, /amanod͡ʑako/, /amanozaku/, /amanozako/, /amanɕaɡume/

The amanojaku reading appears to be the most common reading for the 天邪鬼 spelling.

Alternative forms edit

天の邪鬼

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) あまのじゃく [àmánóꜜjàkù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[3]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [a̠ma̠no̞ʑa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

天(あまの)邪(じゃ)鬼(く) • (amanojaku)

a kind of oni that appears in various folktales as the bad guy, who deliberately goes against what people say
someone with a personality or behavior reminiscent of the folktale character: a crank, a perverse person
Synonyms: 捻くれ者 (hinekure-mono), 旋毛曲り (tsumuji-magari)
(Buddhism) in Buddhist statuary, the small devil or demon being trampled under the feet of a 仁王 (Niō, “Deva king”) or one of the 四天王 (Shitennō, “four Deva warriors”)
(Buddhism) in Buddhist statuary, the devil or demon face on the breastplate of 毘沙門天 (Bishamonten, “Vaiśravaṇa”)
a grub (insect larva)
Synonym: 地虫 (jimushi)

Related terms edit

Related terms

天(あまの)探(さぐ)女(め) (amanosagume, “malevolent Shintō entity”)

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
天	邪	鬼
あま(ん) Grade: 1	じゃ Grade: S	く Grade: S
irregular

Sound shift from amanojaku above, contracting the の (no) to just ん (n).

Alternative forms edit

天ん邪鬼

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) あまんじゃく [àmáꜜǹjàkù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[3]
IPA^(key): [a̠mã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

天(あまん)邪(じゃ)鬼(く) • (amanjaku)

see amanojaku above

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
天	邪	鬼
あま(の) Grade: 1	じゃ Grade: S	こ Grade: S
irregular

Appears to be a sound shift from amanojaku above.

Alternative forms edit

天の邪鬼

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [a̠ma̠no̞ʑa̠ko̞]

Noun edit

天(あまの)邪(じゃ)鬼(こ) • (amanojako)

see amanojaku above

Etymology 4 edit

Kanji in this term
天	邪	鬼
あま(ん) Grade: 1	じゃ Grade: S	こ Grade: S
irregular

Sound shift from amanojako above, contracting the の (no) to just ん (n).

Alternative forms edit

天ん邪鬼

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [a̠mã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠ko̞]

Noun edit

天(あまん)邪(じゃ)鬼(こ) • (amanjako)

see amanojaku above

Etymology 5 edit

Kanji in this term
天	邪	鬼
あま(の) Grade: 1	ざ Grade: S	こ Grade: S
irregular

Appears to be a sound shift from amanojako above. Alternatively, may be a separate shift from amanosagume:

/ama no saɡume/ → /amanozaku/ → /amanozako/

Listed with this reading as Amanozaco in the 1603 edition of the Nippo Jisho.^[6]

Alternative forms edit

天邪古

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [a̠ma̠no̞za̠ko̞]

Noun edit

天(あまの)邪(ざ)鬼(こ) • (amanozako)

see amanojaku above

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎^[1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here at the top of the left-hand column

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJS-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[SMK5-5] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[6] Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎^[1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here at the top of the left-hand column

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[2]

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