Wiktionary

邪

邪 U+90AA, 邪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90AA
← 邩
[U+90A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 邫 →
[U+90AB]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

邪 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+4 in Chinese, 邑+5 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 一竹弓中 (MHNL), four-corner 17227, composition ⿰牙阝)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1269, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39319
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1768, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3758, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+90AA

ChineseEdit

trad. 邪
simp. # 邪
alternative forms 衺 “evil; strange; tilted”
𧘪 “evil; strange; tilted”
耶 “evil; strange; tilted; particle”

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 邪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (牙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
邪 *ljaː, *laː
衺 *ljaː
牙 *ŋraː
芽 *ŋraː
齖 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
呀 *ŋraː, *hŋraː
枒 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
雅 *ŋraːʔ
厊 *ŋraːʔ
庌 *ŋraːʔ
訝 *ŋraːs
迓 *ŋraːs
砑 *ŋraːs
犽 *ŋraːs
疨 *hŋraː
岈 *hŋraː
谺 *hŋraː
颬 *hŋraː
鴉 *qraː
釾 *laː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ljaː, *laː): phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 邑 (“town; city”).

The semantic component suggests that this character was originally used in a place name, which Shuowen suggests to be 琅邪. It was later borrowed for other meanings, the most prominent being “wrong; evil” (originally written as 衺).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • Longyan:
    • siâ - vernacular;
    • siê - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 邪
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɛ³⁵/
    Harbin /ɕiɛ²²⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕie⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ɕiə⁴²/
    Qingdao /siə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /siɛ⁴²/
    Xi'an /ɕiɛ²⁴/
    Xining /ɕi⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕie⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ɕiə⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɤ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /ɕie²¹³/
    Chengdu /ɕie³¹/
    Guiyang /ɕie²¹/
    Kunming /ɕiɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /sie²⁴/
    Hefei /ɕi⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕie̞¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ʑia²³/
    Suzhou /ziɑ¹³/
    Hangzhou /d͡ʑiɑ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /zei³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰiɛ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /sie¹³/
    Xiangtan /siɒ¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɑ⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /sia¹¹/
    Taoyuan /siɑ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
    Nanning /t͡sʰe²¹/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sia³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sia⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /sia⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /se³¹/
    /tia³¹/
    Rime
    Character 邪
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
    Final (韻) 麻 (100)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 似嗟切
    Baxter zjae
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/zia/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/zia/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/zia/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/zia/
    Li
    Rong         		/zia/
    Wang
    Li         		/zĭa/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/zi̯a/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xié
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ce4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 邪
    Reading # 1/4
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xié
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zjæ ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sə.ɢA/
    English awry

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 邪
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 14175
    Phonetic
    component         		牙
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		衺
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ljaː/

    DefinitionsEdit

    邪

    1. wrong; evil; depraved; vicious; perverse; heterodox
      邪念  ―  xiéniàn  ―  evil thought
    2. unnatural; strange
    3. disaster; calamity
    4. (traditional Chinese medicine) unwholesome environmental factor; pathogenetic factor
      風邪／风邪  ―  fēngxié  ―  pathogenic influence; cold
    5. † Alternative form of 斜 (xié, “tilted; inclined”).
    6. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 邪 (MC jia)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 邪

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    Rime
    Character 邪
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 麻 (100)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 以遮切
    Baxter yae
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jia/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jia/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ia/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jia/
    Li
    Rong         		/ia/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭa/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯a/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yé
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		je4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 邪
    Reading # 3/4
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yá
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yæ ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢ(r)A/
    English 琅邪 (name of a mountain in Shāndōng)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 邪
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 14197
    Phonetic
    component         		牙
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		邪
    Old
    Chinese         		/*laː/
    Notes 俗作耶

    DefinitionsEdit

    邪

    1. Only used in 琅邪, alternative form of 琅琊.

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 邪

    Pronunciation 3Edit

    Rime
    Character 邪
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 麻 (100)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 以遮切
    Baxter yae
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jia/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jia/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ia/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jia/
    Li
    Rong         		/ia/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭa/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯a/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yé
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		je4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 邪
    Reading # 4/4
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yé
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yæ ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ](r)A/
    English (interrogative particle)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 邪
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 14197
    Phonetic
    component         		牙
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		邪
    Old
    Chinese         		/*laː/
    Notes 俗作耶

    DefinitionsEdit

    邪

    1. † Alternative form of 耶 (yé, “sentence-final interrogative particle”).
    2. † The chant of labourers used for synchronized pulling, lifting, etc., similar to heigh-ho.

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 邪

    Pronunciation 4Edit

    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 邪
    Reading # 2/4
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zjo ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sə.la/
    English walk slowly

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    DefinitionsEdit

    邪

    1. † Alternative form of 徐 (xú, “slow”).

    Pronunciation 5Edit

    DefinitionsEdit

    邪

    1. † Alternative form of 餘／余 (yú, “remainder; remaining days”).

    Pronunciation 6Edit

    DefinitionsEdit

    邪

    1. Only used in 歸邪／归邪.

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    Shinjitai 邪  
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2]
    邪󠄂
    邪+&#xE0102;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)         		 
    邪󠄄
    邪+&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    KanjiEdit

    邪

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. wicked
    2. injustice
    3. wrong

    ReadingsEdit

    From Middle Chinese 邪 (MC zia); compare Mandarin 邪 (xié):

    From Middle Chinese 邪 (MC jia); compare Mandarin 邪 (yé, yá):

    From native Japanese roots:

    CompoundsEdit

    SynonymsEdit

    AntonymsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    Kanji in this term
    邪
    よこしま
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    横しま
    邪ま

    AdjectiveEdit

    邪(よこしま) • (yokoshima) -na (adnominal 邪(よこしま)な (yokoshima na), adverbial 邪(よこしま)に (yokoshima ni))

    1. evil, wicked
      邪(よこしま)な心(こころ)
      yokoshima na kokoro
      evil heart
    2. 横しま: horizontal

    InflectionEdit

    Inflection of 邪
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 邪だろ よこしまだろ yokoshima daro
    Continuative (連用形) 邪で よこしまで yokoshima de
    Terminal (終止形) 邪だ よこしまだ yokoshima da
    Attributive (連体形) 邪な よこしまな yokoshima na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 邪なら よこしまなら yokoshima nara
    Imperative (命令形) 邪であれ よこしまであれ yokoshima de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 邪ではない
    邪じゃない         		よこしまではない
    よこしまじゃない         		yokoshima de wa nai
    yokoshima ja nai
    Informal past 邪だった よこしまだった yokoshima datta
    Informal negative past 邪ではなかった
    邪じゃなかった         		よこしまではなかった
    よこしまじゃなかった         		yokoshima de wa nakatta
    yokoshima ja nakatta
    Formal 邪です よこしまです yokoshima desu
    Formal negative 邪ではありません
    邪じゃありません         		よこしまではありません
    よこしまじゃありません         		yokoshima de wa arimasen
    yokoshima ja arimasen
    Formal past 邪でした よこしまでした yokoshima deshita
    Formal negative past 邪ではありませんでした
    邪じゃありませんでした         		よこしまではありませんでした
    よこしまじゃありませんでした         		yokoshima de wa arimasen deshita
    yokoshima ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 邪で よこしまで yokoshima de
    Conditional 邪なら（ば） よこしまなら（ば） yokoshima nara (ba)
    Provisional 邪だったら よこしまだったら yokoshima dattara
    Volitional 邪だろう よこしまだろう yokoshima darō
    Adverbial 邪に よこしまに yokoshima ni
    Degree 邪さ よこしまさ yokoshimasa

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ “邪”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
    2. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2138 (paper), page 1121 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    3. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    邪 • (sa, ya) (hangeul 사, 야, revised sa, ya, McCune–Reischauer sa, ya, Yale sa, ya)

    1. cunning, sly, crafty, artful
    2. dislocated, out of joint, out of step, out of line
    3. deceive, cheat, trick, fool, swindle
    4. crooked, askew, slanted

    CompoundsEdit

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    邪: Hán Nôm readings: tà, tá

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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