娑婆

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (娑婆)		娑	婆
simp. #(娑婆)		娑	婆
anagram		婆娑

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सह (saha, “name of a division of the world < bearing; enduring”), as in सहलोकधातु (sahalokadhātu, “world inhabited by men; earth”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): suōpó

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄛ ㄆㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): so¹ po⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: suōpó
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛ ㄆㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: suopó
    • Wade–Giles: so¹-pʻo²
    • Yale: swō-pwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suopor
    • Palladius: сопо (sopo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: so¹ po⁴
    • Yale: sō pòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: so¹ po⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: so¹ po⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔː⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: sa ba

Rime
Character	娑	婆
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	素何切	薄波切
Baxter	sa	ba
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sa/	/bwa/
Li Rong	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Wang Li	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/sɑ/	/bʱuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	suō	pó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	so1	po4

Noun

娑婆

1. (Buddhism) world of endurance; outside world; this world (which is full of suffering)

Derived terms

• 娑婆世界 (Suōpó shìjiè)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (娑婆):

• → Japanese: 娑(しゃ)婆(ば) (shaba)
• → Korean: 사바(娑婆) (saba)
• → Vietnamese: sa bà (娑婆)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
娑	婆
しゃ Hyōgaiji	ば Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Chinese 娑婆 (suōpó), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit सह (saha)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠ba̠]

Noun

娑(しゃ)婆(ば) • (shaba) 

1. the world
2. (Buddhism) this corrupt world
3. the outside world

Korean

Hanja in this term
娑	婆

Noun

娑婆 • (saba) (hangeul 사바)

1. Hanja form^? of 사바 (“the world; (Buddhism) this corrupt world; the outside world”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
娑	婆

Noun

娑婆

1. chữ Hán form of sa bà.