檸檬

See also: 柠檬

Chinese edit

	phonetic
trad. (檸檬)	檸	檬
simp. (柠檬)	柠	檬
2nd round simp.	宁𰰡
alternative forms	黎檬黎朦宜蒙來檬／来檬萊檬／莱檬

檸檬/柠檬

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English lemon (Huang, 2020); first attested in Volume I of Part II of A Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts [1819] by Robert Morrison (Huang, 2009).

For Taiwanese Min Nan lê-bóng and Hakka lê-móng, via Japanese 檸檬(レモン) (remon), from English lemon. For Philippine Hokkien, directly from English lemon.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): níngméng

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄥˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лиму (limu, I-II) / лиму (limu, I-I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ning⁴ mung^4-1

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nen³ muung²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lê-móng
Jin (Wiktionary): ning¹ meng¹
Eastern Min (BUC): nìng-mùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lê-bóng / lêng-bông / lê--mong

(Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁵ mong⁵ / lêng⁵ mou⁵ / lam⁵ mong² / nam⁵ mong²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶gnin-mon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: níngméng
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: níngméng
  - Wade–Giles: ning²-mêng²
  - Yale: níng-méng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningmeng
  - Palladius: нинмэн (ninmɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niŋ³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лиму (limu, I-II) / лиму (limu, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²⁴ mou⁵¹/, /li²⁴ mou²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ning⁴ mung^4-1
  - Yale: nìhng mūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ning⁴ mung^4-1
  - Guangdong Romanization: ning⁴ mung^4-1
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɪŋ²¹ mʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nen³ muung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿden²² ᵐbɵŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lê-móng
  - Hakka Romanization System: le´ mong`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: le¹ mong³
  - Sinological IPA: /le²⁴ moŋ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ning¹ meng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /nĩŋ¹¹ mə̃ŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nìng-mùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡiŋ⁵³⁻³³ muŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê-bóng
  - Tâi-lô: lê-bóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: le'borng
  - IPA (Taipei): /le²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³⁻³³ bɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, dated in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-bông
  - Tâi-lô: lîng-bông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lengboong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³⁻³³ bɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³⁻²² bɔŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê--mong
  - Tâi-lô: lê--mong
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lêng⁵ mong⁵ / lêng⁵ mou⁵ / lam⁵ mong² / nam⁵ mong²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng mông / lêng môu / lâm móng / nâm móng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵⁵/, /leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mou⁵⁵/, /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵²/, /nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵²/

Note:

lêng5 mong5/lêng5 mou5 - literary;
lam5 mong2/nam5 mong2 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶gnin-mon
  - MiniDict: nyin^去 mon
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin-mon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²² moŋ⁴⁴/