群雄割拠

Japanese

Kanji in this term
群	雄	割	拠
ぐん Grade: 4	ゆう Grade: S	かつ > かっ Grade: 6	きょ Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
群雄割據 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Compound of 群雄 (gun'yū, “many rival leaders”) +‎ 割拠 (kakkyo, “division of possessions [territories]”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

First cited to the late 1860s, early 1870s, in the early Meiji period.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぐんゆうかっきょ [gùń'yúú káꜜkkyò] (Nakadaka – [5])^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ɡɯ̟̃ɰ̃jɯ̟ː ka̠k̚ʲkʲo̞]

Noun

群(ぐん)雄(ゆう)割(かっ)拠(きょ) • (gun'yū kakkyo) ^{←ぐんゆうかつきよ (gun'yuu katukyo)^?}

[roughly 1870] division of land into territories by rival leaders

Verb

群(ぐん)雄(ゆう)割(かっ)拠(きょ)する • (gun'yū kakkyo suru) ^{←ぐんゆうかつきよ (gun'yuu katukyo)^?}suru (stem 群(ぐん)雄(ゆう)割(かっ)拠(きょ)し (gun'yū kakkyo shi), past 群(ぐん)雄(ゆう)割(かっ)拠(きょ)した (gun'yū kakkyo shita))

[roughly 1870] to divide land into territories, as by rival leaders

Conjugation

Conjugation of "群雄割拠する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	群雄割拠し	ぐんゆうかっきょし	gun'yū kakkyo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	群雄割拠し	ぐんゆうかっきょし	gun'yū kakkyo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	群雄割拠する	ぐんゆうかっきょする	gun'yū kakkyo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	群雄割拠する	ぐんゆうかっきょする	gun'yū kakkyo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	群雄割拠すれ	ぐんゆうかっきょすれ	gun'yū kakkyo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	群雄割拠せよ¹ 群雄割拠しろ²	ぐんゆうかっきょせよ¹ ぐんゆうかっきょしろ²	gun'yū kakkyo seyo¹ gun'yū kakkyo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	群雄割拠される	ぐんゆうかっきょされる	gun'yū kakkyo sareru
Causative	群雄割拠させる群雄割拠さす	ぐんゆうかっきょさせるぐんゆうかっきょさす	gun'yū kakkyo saseru gun'yū kakkyo sasu
Potential	群雄割拠できる	ぐんゆうかっきょできる	gun'yū kakkyo dekiru
Volitional	群雄割拠しよう	ぐんゆうかっきょしよう	gun'yū kakkyo shiyō
Negative	群雄割拠しない	ぐんゆうかっきょしない	gun'yū kakkyo shinai
Negative continuative	群雄割拠せず	ぐんゆうかっきょせず	gun'yū kakkyo sezu
Formal	群雄割拠します	ぐんゆうかっきょします	gun'yū kakkyo shimasu
Perfective	群雄割拠した	ぐんゆうかっきょした	gun'yū kakkyo shita
Conjunctive	群雄割拠して	ぐんゆうかっきょして	gun'yū kakkyo shite
Hypothetical conditional	群雄割拠すれば	ぐんゆうかっきょすれば	gun'yū kakkyo sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “群雄割拠”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
^ “群雄割拠”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJc-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “群雄割拠”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000

[DDJS-2] “群雄割拠”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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