群

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

群 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸口廿手 (SRTQ) or X尸口廿手 (XSRTQ), four-corner 1865₁, composition ⿰君羊)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 952, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28498
Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 12
Unihan data for U+7FA4

ChineseEdit

trad.		群/羣
simp.		群

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (君) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
涒	*l̥ʰuːn
麏	*krun
莙	krun, ɡrunʔ, *klun
輑	*kʰrun
蜠	kʰrun, ɡrunʔ
峮	*kʰrun
窘	*ɡrunʔ
僒	*ɡrunʔ
君	*klun
桾	*klun
宭	klun, ɡlun
鮶	*klun
捃	*kluns
群	*ɡlun
羣	*ɡlun
裙	*ɡlun
裠	*ɡlun
帬	*ɡlun
焄	*qʰlun
郡	*ɡluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡlun): phonetic 君 (OC *klun) + semantic 羊.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kul (“twenty; all”); cognate with 昆 (OC *kuːn, “swarming”), Tibetan ཀུན (kun, “all”), Burmese အကုန် (a.kun, “all”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qún (qun²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄣˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чүн (čün, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiùn
Min Dong (BUC): gùng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): kung⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): jjyn (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qún
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyún
  - Wade–Giles: chʻün²
  - Yale: chyún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyun
  - Palladius: цюнь (cjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyn³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чүн (čün, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwan⁴
  - Yale: kwàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiunˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiun²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kûn
  - Tâi-lô: kûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kun²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kun¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kung⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khûng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: jjyn (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑʏɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɡɨun/

Rime
Character	群
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠云切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiun/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gun/
Li Rong	/ɡiuən/
Wang Li	/ɡĭuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kwan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ur/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡlun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	群
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qún
Middle Chinese	‹ gjun ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ur/
English	flock, herd, group
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	群
Reading #	1/1
No.	7295
Phonetic component	君
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	羣
Old Chinese	/*ɡlun/
Notes	羣字所注或體

DefinitionsEdit

群

group; crowd; flock; herd; pack
multitude; many people
(group theory) group
(social media) group (of a group chat)
入群、退群 ― rùqún, tuìqún ― to join a group, to leave a group

群裡的 dalao 們／群里的 dalao 们 ― qúnlǐ de dàlǎomen ― all the great masters in the group

發錯群／发错群 ― fā cuò qún ― to post to the wrong group
numerous; many
Classifier for groups of people or animals: group of; flock of; herd of; pack of
(Cantonese, often derogatory) to hang out with
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 群 (MC ɡɨun)
a surname

SynonymsEdit

(group of people): 幫子／帮子 (bāngzi), 伙 (huǒ)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 群

一群 (yīqún)
不群
交群
人群 (rénqún)
佼佼不群
冠群
出群
出群拔萃
卓然不群
句群
合群 (héqún)
咬群
墓群 (mùqún, “cemetery”)
子群 (zǐqún, “subgroup”)
孢子囊群
山群
成群 (chéngqún)
拔群 (báqún)
拔群出萃
拔萃出群
挺拔不群
族群 (zúqún)
星群 (xīngqún)
李群 (lǐqún)
植物群落
植群
毛群
波群
牧群 (mùqún)
生物群聚
症候群 (zhènghòuqún)
空群
羊群 (yángqún)
群下
群像 (qúnxiàng)
群力 (qúnlì)
群小
群居 (qúnjū)
群屋
群山
群峰
群性
群情 (qúnqíng)
群架 (qúnjià)
群波
群生
群策群力
群系
群聚 (qúnjù)

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (群):

→ Japanese: 群(ぐん) (gun)

ReferencesEdit

“群”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

群

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ぐん (gun, Jōyō)
Kan-on: くん (kun)
Kun: むれる (mureru, 群れる, Jōyō); むら (mura, 群, Jōyō ^†); むれ (mure, 群れ, Jōyō); むらがる (muragaru, 群がる)

CompoundsEdit

群島(ぐんとう) (guntō)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
群
ぐん Grade: 4
on’yomi

NounEdit

群(ぐん) • (gun)

a group of people, animals, etc.
(group theory) a group

SuffixEdit

群(ぐん) • (-gun)

group of people, animals, etc.

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
群
むら Grade: 4
kun’yomi

DefinitionsEdit

For pronunciation and definitions of 群 – see the following entry.

【むら】	[noun] gathering [suffix] gathering Alternative spellings 群, 叢, 簇

(This term, 群, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

群 (eumhun 무리 군 (muri gun))

Hanja form^? of 군 (“group, crowd, horde, herd, flock, folk, people, mob”). ^[1]
(무리 질^[2] 군): to crowd, flock, gather, assemble
(많을 군): multitude

ReferencesEdit

^ Compare Japanese Kun 群れ (むれ, mure, "crowd").
^ Compare Japanese Kun 群れる (むれる, mureru, "to crowd").

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

群: Hán Nôm readings: quần, còn, quằn, cơn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Compare Japanese Kun 群れ (むれ, mure, "crowd").

[2] Compare Japanese Kun 群れる (むれる, mureru, "to crowd").

[1]

[2]