脊

脊	U+810A, 脊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-810A

Translingual edit

Han character edit

脊 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火金月 (FCB), four-corner 1122₇)

Derived characters edit

塉嵴膌蹐𦢡𦢢䰪鶺(鹡) 瘠

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 982, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29472
Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2070, character 10
Unihan data for U+810A

Chinese edit

trad.		脊
simp. ^#		脊

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 脊
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (脊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
脊	*ʔseɡ
蹐	*ʔseɡ
鶺	*ʔseɡ
塉	*zeɡ
瘠	*zeɡ
膌	*zeɡ

Originally a Pictogram (象形) of a fish spine. 肉 was added later to distinguish it. The top component corrupted into 𠦬, making it a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseɡ) : phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐ, jí (ji³, ji²)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ, ㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zek³, zik³
Jin (Wiktionary): jieh⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): cék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiak / chek / chit / chiah

(Teochew, Peng'im): zig⁴ / ziah⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷ciq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese and Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chi³
  - Yale: jǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jí
  - Wade–Giles: chi²
  - Yale: jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zek³, zik³
  - Yale: jek, jik
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzek⁸, dzik⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: zég³, jig³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛːk̚³/, /t͡sɪk̚³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
  - Tâi-lô: tsiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
  - Tâi-lô: tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah
  - Tâi-lô: tsiah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciaq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siaʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siaʔ³²/

Note:

chiak/chek - literary;
chit/chiah - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zig⁴ / ziah⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsik / tsiah
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sik̚²/, /t͡siaʔ²/

Note:

zig4 - literary;
ziah4 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciq
  - MiniDict: cih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴jiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi²⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsjek

Rime
Character	脊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	清 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	資昔切
Baxter	tsjek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ek/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔseɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ek/
English	spine, backbone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.