Wiktionary

昔

昔 U+6614, 昔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6614
← 易
[U+6613] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 昕 →
[U+6615]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

昔 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿日 (TA), four-corner 44601, composition ⿱龷日)

  1. formerly
  2. ancient
  3. in the beginning

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 492, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13816
  • Dae Jaweon: page 855, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1488, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6614

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 昔
alternative forms 㫺 ancient form
𣊦 ancient form
𦠡 ancient form

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 昔
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (昔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
借 *ʔsjaːɡs, *ʔsjaːɡ
唶 *ʔsjaːɡs
藉 *zjaːɡs, *zjaːɡ
躤 *zjaːɡs
蜡 *zraːɡs, *sʰaːɡs
齰 *zraːɡs, *zraːɡ
醋 *sʰaːɡs
錯 *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ
措 *sʰaːɡs
厝 *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ
逪 *sʰaːɡ
剒 *sʰaːɡ
鵲 *sʰaɡ
碏 *sʰaɡ
踖 *sʰaɡ, *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ
趞 *sʰaɡ
皵 *sʰaɡ, *sʰjaːɡ
舄 *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ
斮 *ʔsraɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
簎 *zraːwɢ, *sʰraːɡ, *zjaːɡ
諎 *ʔsraːɡ
矠 *sʰreːɡ, *zreːɡ
庴 *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ
籍 *zjaːɡ
耤 *zjaːɡ
猎 *zjaːɡ
昔 *sjaːɡ
惜 *sjaːɡ
腊 *sjaːɡ
焟 *sjaːɡ
棤 *sjaːɡ

Oracle bone form: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 𡿧 (“disaster; floods”) + 日 (“sun”) – the flood submerging the sun; the former times.

Shuowen: Two pieces of flesh (仌) left to dry in the sun (日). Original form of 腊 (OC *sjaːɡ).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak (“night, full 24-hour day, spend the night”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). Wang (1982) relates this to 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) & 夜 (OC *laːɡs); however, see those two entries for more.

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note: za2 - semantic (訓讀) (original character is 早).
Rime
Character 昔
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 清 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 思積切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/siajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/siɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/sĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 昔
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]Ak/
English in the past

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 昔
Reading # 1/1
No. 13309
Phonetic
component 		昔
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		昔
Old
Chinese 		/*sjaːɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

昔

  1. former times; the past; long ago; ancient times
  2. † yesterday
  3. † sunset; dusk
  4. † Alternative form of 腊 (xī, “dried meat”).
  5. † Alternative form of 夕 (xī, “evening; night”).
  6. a surname

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 昔

Pronunciation 2Edit

DefinitionsEdit

昔

  1. † coarse; rough
  2. † Alternative form of 錯／错 (cuò, “to criss-cross”).
  3. † Alternative form of 措 (cuò, “to use; to carry out”).

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

昔

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
昔
むかし
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. The muka portion derives from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”), implying “that which stands opposite from the present”. The shi portion is suffix し (shi) indicating direction, also found in words 縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”), 横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”). This appears to be a somewhat rare alternative form, more commonly encountered as さ (sa), and may be cognate with the nominalizing adjective ending さ (sa).[1]

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

昔(むかし) • (mukashi) 

  1. once (in the indeterminate past)
    昔(むかし)見(み)た映(えい)画(が)
    mukashi mita eiga
    a movie I once saw

NounEdit

昔(むかし) • (mukashi) 

  1. the past, old times
    • 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Toshikage)[3]
      むかし、式部大輔、左大弁かけて清原の王ありけり。
    昔(むかし)と今(いま) ― mukashi to ima ― the past and the present
    昔(むかし)の自(じ)分(ぶん) ― mukashi no jibun ― my past self
    昔(むかし)からの友達(ともだち) ― mukashi kara no tomodachi ― a longtime friend (literally, “a friend since old times”)
    昔(むかし)に戻(もど)る ― mukashi ni modoru ― to return to the past
  2. ancient
    昔(むかし)の人(ひと) ― mukashi no hito ― ancient people
    もう昔(むかし)の話(はなし)だ。 ― mō mukashi no hanashi da. ― That's ancient history.

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kōno, Tama (c. 970–999) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 10: Utsubo Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1959, →ISBN.

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

昔 • (seok, chak) (hangeul 석, 착, revised seok, chak, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, ch'ak, Yale sek, chak)

  1. formerly
  2. ancient
  3. in beginning

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

昔: Hán Nôm readings: tích, tếch, thách, tách

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=昔&oldid=71873316"