Japanese

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Kanji in this term

Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Etymology

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Uncertain. Theories include, in order of apparent likelihood:

  • From 熟む (umu, to ripen)[1]
  • From 熟汁 (umi jiru, ripened sap)
  • From (usu, thin, weak) + (mi, looking, seeming)[1]
  • Shortening of 蒸身 (umushi mi, moldering body) or of (urumi shishi, moist flesh)

First attested in verb form in a text from 828.[2] Compare noun form (umi, pus), attested from the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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() (umuintransitive godan (stem () (umi), past ()んだ (unda))

  1. [from 828] to fester, to suppurate, to pustulate
    Synonym: 化膿する (kanō suru)
    (きず)(ぐち)()んだ
    Kizuguchi ga unda.
    The cut festered / became infected.
    (はれ)(もの)()ませてしまった
    Haremono o umasete shimatta.
    You’ve let the abscess fester.

Conjugation

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Entry in the 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, Etymology Derivation Dictionary) available online 膿む here
  2. 2.0 2.1 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN