膿む
Japanese edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 膿 |
| う Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology edit
Uncertain. Theories include, in order of apparent likelihood:
- From 熟む (umu, “to ripen”)[1]
- From 熟汁 (umi jiru, “ripened sap”)
- From 薄 (usu, “thin, weak”) + 見 (mi, “looking, seeming”)[1]
- Shortening of 蒸身 (umushi mi, “moldering body”) or of 潤肉 (urumi shishi, “moist flesh”)
First attested in verb form in a text from 828.[2] Compare noun form 膿 (umi, “pus”), attested from the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
膿む • (umu) intransitive godan (stem 膿み (umi), past 膿んだ (unda))
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "膿む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 膿ま | うま | uma |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 膿み | うみ | umi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 膿む | うむ | umu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 膿む | うむ | umu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 膿め | うめ | ume |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 膿め | うめ | ume |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 膿まれる | うまれる | umareru |
| Causative | 膿ませる 膿ます |
うませる うます |
umaseru umasu |
| Potential | 膿める | うめる | umeru |
| Volitional | 膿もう | うもう | umō |
| Negative | 膿まない | うまない | umanai |
| Negative continuative | 膿まず | うまず | umazu |
| Formal | 膿みます | うみます | umimasu |
| Perfective | 膿んだ | うんだ | unda |
| Conjunctive | 膿んで | うんで | unde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 膿めば | うめば | umeba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 膿ま | うま | uma |
| Continuative (連用形) | 膿み | うみ | umi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 膿む | うむ | umu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 膿む | うむ | umu |
| Realis (已然形) | 膿め | うめ | ume |
| Imperative (命令形) | 膿め | うめ | ume |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 膿まず | うまず | umazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 膿めど | うめど | umedo |
| Causal conjunction | 膿めば | うめば | umeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 膿まば | うまば | umaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 膿みき | うみき | umiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 膿みけり | うみけり | umikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 膿みつ | うみつ | umitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 膿みぬ | うみぬ | uminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 膿めり 膿みたり |
うめり うみたり |
umeri umitari |
| Volitional | 膿まむ | うまむ | umamu |
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Entry in the 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) available online 膿む here
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “膿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN