訓読み
JapaneseEdit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
訓 | 読 |
くん Grade: 4 |
よ Grade: 2 |
jūbakoyomi |
Alternative spellings |
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訓讀み (kyūjitai) 訓読 |
EtymologyEdit
Compound of 訓 (kun, “meaning”) + 読み (yomi, “reading”). Originally referred to the meanings of Chinese words as expressed in native Japanese words or 大和言葉 (Yamato kotoba), as opposed to the sounds (i.e. pronunciations) to use when reading Chinese text (called 音読み (on'yomi) or 音読 (ondoku), literally “sound reading”).[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (linguistics) kun'yomi: a reading of a kanji that is not derived from the kanji's original pronunciation borrowed from Chinese
Usage notesEdit
- See kun'yomi in Appendix:Japanese glossary for more details.
Coordinate termsEdit
Based on native Japanese vocabulary:
- 名乗り (nanori) (used for the readings of names: given names and sometimes place names)
Based on Chinese-derived pronunciations:
VerbEdit
訓読みする • (kun'yomi suru) suru, stem 訓読みし (kun'yomi shi), past 訓読みした (kun'yomi shita)
- to use the kun'yomi of a word, to read a kanji using the pronunciation of a native Japanese word
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of "訓読みする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 訓読みし | くんよみし | kun'yomi shi | |
Continuative (連用形) | 訓読みし | くんよみし | kun'yomi shi | |
Terminal (終止形) | 訓読みする | くんよみする | kun'yomi suru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 訓読みする | くんよみする | kun'yomi suru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 訓読みすれ | くんよみすれ | kun'yomi sure | |
Imperative (命令形) | 訓読みせよ¹ 訓読みしろ² |
くんよみせよ¹ くんよみしろ² |
kun'yomi seyo¹ kun'yomi shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 訓読みされる | くんよみされる | kun'yomi sareru | |
Causative | 訓読みさせる 訓読みさす |
くんよみさせる くんよみさす |
kun'yomi saseru kun'yomi sasu | |
Potential | 訓読みできる | くんよみできる | kun'yomi dekiru | |
Volitional | 訓読みしよう | くんよみしよう | kun'yomi shiyō | |
Negative | 訓読みしない | くんよみしない | kun'yomi shinai | |
Negative continuative | 訓読みせず | くんよみせず | kun'yomi sezu | |
Formal | 訓読みします | くんよみします | kun'yomi shimasu | |
Perfective | 訓読みした | くんよみした | kun'yomi shita | |
Conjunctive | 訓読みして | くんよみして | kun'yomi shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 訓読みすれば | くんよみすれば | kun'yomi sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN