躊躇う
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
躊 | 躇 |
ためら | |
Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
jukujikun |
Etymology
editDerived from verb ためる (tameru, “to correct, to train, to reform”, spelled variously in kanji as 矯める, 揉める, 撓める), as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) tamera- + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending う u): “to be in the act of correction, to make something stay corrected”.[1]
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 躊躇/踌躇 (chóuchú).
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "ためらう"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
ためらう | ためらう | [tàméráꜜù] |
Imperative (命令形) | ためらえ | ためらえ | [tàméráꜜè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | ためらわれる | ためらわれる | [tàméráwáréꜜrù] |
Causative | ためらわせる | ためらわせる | [tàméráwáséꜜrù] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | ためらおう | ためらおー | [tàméráóꜜò] |
Negative | ためらわない | ためらわない | [tàméráwáꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | ためらわなかった | ためらわなかった | [tàméráwáꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | ためらいます | ためらいます | [tàméráímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | ためらった | ためらった | [tàméráꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | ためらって | ためらって | [tàméráꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | ためらえば | ためらえば | [tàméráꜜèbà] |
Verb
edit躊躇う • (tamerau) ←ためらふ (tamerafu)?transitive godan (stem 躊躇い (tamerai), past 躊躇った (tameratta))
- to quell or restrain disordered emotions, such as due to high spirits or sadness: to calm one's feelings
- to ease or alleviate the symptoms of disease
- by extension from sense 1, to take the time to think things through calmly before making a decision: to ponder something, to consider something
- to calmly observe something
躊躇う • (tamerau) ←ためらふ (tamerafu)?intransitive godan (stem 躊躇い (tamerai), past 躊躇った (tameratta))
Usage notes
editThe intransitive sense of "to hesitate" appears to be the most common sense in modern Japanese.
Due to the complicated stroke order of the kanji, this word is often spelled in hiragana.
Conjugation
editKatsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 躊躇わ | ためらわ | tamerawa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 躊躇い | ためらい | tamerai |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 躊躇う | ためらう | tamerau |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 躊躇う | ためらう | tamerau |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 躊躇え | ためらえ | tamerae |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 躊躇え | ためらえ | tamerae |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 躊躇われる | ためらわれる | tamerawareru |
Causative | 躊躇わせる 躊躇わす |
ためらわせる ためらわす |
tamerawaseru tamerawasu |
Potential | 躊躇える | ためらえる | tameraeru |
Volitional | 躊躇おう | ためらおう | tameraō |
Negative | 躊躇わない | ためらわない | tamerawanai |
Negative continuative | 躊躇わず | ためらわず | tamerawazu |
Formal | 躊躇います | ためらいます | tameraimasu |
Perfective | 躊躇った | ためらった | tameratta |
Conjunctive | 躊躇って | ためらって | tameratte |
Hypothetical conditional | 躊躇えば | ためらえば | tameraeba |
Synonyms
editDerived terms
edit- 躊躇い (tamerai): hesitation
References
edit- Japanese terms spelled with 躊
- Japanese terms spelled with 躇
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese intransitive verbs