phonetic | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
trad. (迦樓羅) | 迦 | 樓 | 羅 | |
simp. (迦楼罗) | 迦 | 楼 | 罗 |
Possibly from Prakrit, cf. Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa) > Pali garuḷa. The Sanskrit ṭ ~ ḍ > ḷ > l reflexes were productive in both Prakrit languages and early Chinese Buddhist lexicon. (Ji, 1998v4)
Rime | |||
---|---|---|---|
Character | 迦 | 樓 | 羅 |
Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 侯 (137) | 歌 (94) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
Division (等) | II | I | I |
Fanqie | 古牙切 | 落侯切 | 魯何切 |
Baxter | kae | luw | la |
Reconstructions | |||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kˠa/ | /ləu/ | /lɑ/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kᵚa/ | /ləu/ | /lɑ/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ka/ | /ləu/ | /lɑ/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kaɨ/ | /ləw/ | /la/ |
Li Rong |
/ka/ | /lu/ | /lɑ/ |
Wang Li |
/ka/ | /ləu/ | /lɑ/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ka/ | /lə̯u/ | /lɑ/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiā | lóu | luó |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
gaa1 | lau4 | lo4 |
迦樓羅