魔羅
Chinese
editphonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (魔羅) | 魔 | 羅 | |
simp. (魔罗) | 魔 | 罗 | |
alternative forms | 摩羅/摩罗 |
Etymology
editFrom Sanskrit मार (māra, “killing; death; destroyer; demon”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: móluó
- Wade–Giles: mo2-lo2
- Yale: mwó-lwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moluo
- Palladius: моло (molo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: ma la
Noun
edit魔羅
Derived terms
edit- 魔 (mó)
Descendants
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
魔 | 羅 |
ま Grade: S |
ら Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
摩羅 |
Etymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 魔羅 (muɑ lɑ), in turn a transcription of Sanskrit मार (Māra, “the Destroyer, the Evil One”).[1][2][3][4][5] The kanji are phonetic ateji (当て字) applied when transcribing the Sanskrit into Middle Chinese.
The shift from "Buddhist evil demon" to "penis" was originally slang use among monks,[1][2][3][4] in reference to sexual desires distracting one from the path to enlightenment.
Some sources link this term to 放る (maru, “to excrete”).[1][2] However, the verb maru refers to "excreting" bodily wastes in general, not just urination but also defecation, and some sources also list flatulation as an included sense.[4] In addition, other nouns attested from Old Japanese that derive from verbs and end in -a appear to be the result of the action of the verb, which does not fit this case. Ultimately, the proposed connection between Sanskrit-derived mara ("penis") and Japonic-derived maru ("to excrete") appears to be a folk etymology, likely arising from the superficial similarity in forms.
First attested in the Nihon Ryōiki, in a section dated to the early 800s.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- [from early 800s] (Buddhism) Mara: a Buddhist demon that personifies the "death" of spiritual life
- [from early 800s] (anatomy) penis
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, page 45:
- 玉茎 房内經云 玉茎 男陰名也 [...] 一云 麻良 [...]
- Penis: The Classic of the Bedchamber calls it 'jade stalk', it is a name for the male sex organ [...] One name [is] mara
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 386:
- Mara. l, nancon. マラ. または, ナンコン (𨳯. または, 男根) 陰茎. 卑語.
- Mara. Also, nancon[sic]. A penis. Vulgar language.
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “魔羅・摩羅”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “魔羅”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “マラ”, in 日本の危機言語[3] (in Japanese), National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, 2022
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
Kikai
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
魔 | 羅 |
ま Grade: S |
ら Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
摩羅 |
Etymology
editCognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit魔羅 (mara)
References
edit- 岩倉市郎 (1941) 喜界島方言集 [Kikai-jima Dialect Collection][4] (in Japanese), 中央公論社, page 279
Kunigami
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
魔 | 羅 |
ま Grade: S |
らー Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
摩羅 |
Etymology
editCognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit魔羅 (marā)
Miyako
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
魔 | 羅 |
ま Grade: S |
ら Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
摩羅 |
Etymology
editCognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit魔羅 (mara)
Northern Amami Ōshima
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
魔 | 羅 |
ま Grade: S |
ら Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
摩羅 |
Etymology
editCognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit魔羅 (mara)
Okinawan
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
魔 | 羅 |
ま Grade: S |
ら Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
摩羅 |
Etymology
editCognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit魔羅 (mara)
Yaeyama
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
魔 | 羅 |
ま Grade: S |
ら Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
摩羅 |
Etymology
editCognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit魔羅 (mara)
Yonaguni
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
魔 | 羅 |
ま Grade: S |
ら Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
摩羅 |
Etymology
editCognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit魔羅 (mara)
Yoron
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
魔 | 羅 |
ま Grade: S |
ら Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
摩羅 |
Etymology
editCognate with Japanese 魔羅 (mara).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit魔羅 (mara)
- Chinese terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 魔
- Chinese terms spelled with 羅
- zh:Buddhism
- Japanese terms spelled with 魔 read as ま
- Japanese terms spelled with 羅 read as ら
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Japanese terms spelled with ateji
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- ja:Buddhism
- ja:Anatomy
- Japanese terms with quotations
- Kikai terms spelled with 魔 read as ま
- Kikai terms spelled with 羅 read as ら
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- Kikai terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kikai lemmas
- Kikai nouns
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- kzg:Anatomy
- Kunigami terms spelled with 魔 read as ま
- Kunigami terms spelled with 羅 read as らー
- Kunigami terms read with on'yomi
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- Kunigami lemmas
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- Kunigami terms spelled with secondary school kanji
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- xug:Anatomy
- xug:Genitalia
- Miyako terms spelled with 魔 read as ま
- Miyako terms spelled with 羅 read as ら
- Miyako terms read with on'yomi
- Miyako terms with IPA pronunciation
- Miyako lemmas
- Miyako nouns
- Miyako terms spelled with secondary school kanji
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- mvi:Anatomy
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 魔 read as ま
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 羅 read as ら
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms read with on'yomi
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Amami Ōshima lemmas
- Northern Amami Ōshima nouns
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms with 2 kanji
- ryn:Anatomy
- Okinawan terms spelled with 魔 read as ま
- Okinawan terms spelled with 羅 read as ら
- Okinawan terms read with on'yomi
- Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Okinawan terms with 2 kanji
- ryu:Anatomy
- Yaeyama terms spelled with 魔 read as ま
- Yaeyama terms spelled with 羅 read as ら
- Yaeyama terms read with on'yomi
- Yaeyama terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yaeyama lemmas
- Yaeyama nouns
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- rys:Anatomy
- Yonaguni terms spelled with 魔 read as ま
- Yonaguni terms spelled with 羅 read as ら
- Yonaguni terms read with on'yomi
- Yonaguni terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yonaguni lemmas
- Yonaguni nouns
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- yoi:Anatomy
- Yoron terms spelled with 魔 read as ま
- Yoron terms spelled with 羅 read as ら
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- Yoron lemmas
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- yox:Anatomy