莫

Contents

TranslingualEdit

EtymologyEdit

Pictogram (象形): the sun (日) sinking into the horizon (艹 + 大).

Both the top and bottom were originally 艹 "grass" — the bottom was later distorted into 大. The original meaning was "dusk," later borrowed for an abstract word. The character 暮 uses the original meaning.

Han characterEdit

莫 (radical 140 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 4443₀, composition ⿱艹旲)

1. not, do not, is not, cannot, unable to
2. negative
3. A surname​.

Derived charactersEdit

• 募 墓 幕 暮 慕
• 模 膜 漠 謨 (谟)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1035, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
• Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3217, character 15
• Unihan data for U+83AB

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		莫

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mok⁶, mou⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mo̍k
• Min Nan (POJ): bo̍k / mài

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: mò
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
    • Wade-Giles: mo⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
    • IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mok⁶, mou⁶
    • Yale: mohk, mouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mok⁹, mou⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /mɔːk̚²/, /mou̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: mog
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mog⁶
    • IPA: /mok̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k / mài
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍k / mài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bok, maix
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴/, /maɪ¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/, /maɪ²¹/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 莫
Mandarin	Beijing	/mo⁵¹/
	Harbin	/mɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/mo⁵³/
	Jinan	/mə²¹/
	Qingdao	/mə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/mo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/mo²¹/
	Xining	/mɔ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/muə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/mə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/mɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/mo²¹³/
	Chengdu	/mo³¹/
	Guiyang	/mo²¹/
	Kunming	/mo³¹/
	Nanjing	/moʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/mɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/maʔ²/
	Pingyao	/mʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/maʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/moʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/noʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/moʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/mo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/mɔʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/mo¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/mo²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/mo²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/mɔʔ²/ /mɵʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/mok̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/mok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɔk̚²/
	Nanning	/mɔk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/mɔk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/bɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/moʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/mz̩²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/mok̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/vo³³/ 不要 /mo³³/ 姓

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• Middle Chinese: /mɑk̚/▼

Rime
Character	莫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	慕各切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mak̚/
Li Rong	/mɑk̚/
Wang Li	/mɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*mˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maːɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	莫	莫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mò	mò
Middle Chinese	‹ mak ›	‹ mak ›
Old Chinese	/*mˤak/	/*mˤak/
English	there is no X such that X	deliberate (v.) (loan)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莫
Reading #	1/1
No.	9252
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莫
Old Chinese	/*maːɡ/
Notes	從日在茻中，暮初文，小徐茻亦聲

DefinitionsEdit

莫

1. (Min Nan) (imperative) do not; don't

SynonymsEdit

• 勿 (wù)

See alsoEdit

• (Mandarin) 不要 (bùyào), 別／别 (bié)

ReferencesEdit

• “Entry #7838”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
• “臺灣閩南語按呢寫 (Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Án-ne Siá) #376”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

莫

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: も (mo), まく (maku)
• Kan’on: ぼ (bo), ばく (baku)
• Kun: くれ (kure), ない (nai), なかれ (nakare)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

莫 • ‎(mak, mo) (hangeul 막, 모, revised mak, mo, McCune-Reischauer mak, mo, Yale mak, mo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

莫 (mạc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.