莫

莫 U+83AB, 莫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AB
← 莪
[U+83AA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 莬 →
[U+83AC]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

莫 (radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition ⿱艹旲 or ⿱䒤大)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1035, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3217, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+83AB

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 莫
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟆 *mraː
鬕 *mraːɡs
饃 *maːl
模 *maː
摸 *maː, *maːɡ
嫫 *maː
謨 *maː
膜 *maː, *maːɡ
摹 *maː
暮 *maːɡs
慕 *maːɡs
募 *maːɡs
墓 *maːɡs
慔 *maːɡs
莫 *maːɡ
寞 *maːɡ
漠 *maːɡ
幕 *maːɡ
鏌 *maːɡ
瘼 *maːɡ
鄚 *maːɡ
瞙 *maːɡ
嗼 *maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻 *maːɡ
貘 *mraːɡ
驀 *mraːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).

The bottom was later distorted into 大.

Etymology 1Edit

simp. and trad.
 莫

From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);
  • mŏk - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • bo̍k - literary;
    • bo̍h - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 莫
    Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
    Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
    Tianjin /mo⁵³/
    Jinan /mə²¹/
    Qingdao /mə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
    Xi'an /mo²¹/
    Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /muə¹³/
    Lanzhou /mə¹³/
    Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /mo²¹³/
    Chengdu /mo³¹/
    Guiyang /mo²¹/
    Kunming /mo³¹/
    Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
    Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
    Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
    Suzhou /noʔ³/
    Hangzhou /moʔ²/
    Wenzhou /mo²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /mɔʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /mo¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
    Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /mɔʔ²/
    /mɵʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /mok̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /mok̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /mɔk̚²/
    Nanning /mɔk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /mɔk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bɔk̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /moʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mz̩²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /mok̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /vo³³/ 不要
    /mo³³/ 姓
    Rime
    Character 莫
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 慕各切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mɑk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mɑk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/mɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/mak̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/mɑk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/mɑk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mɑk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		mò
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		mok6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 莫 莫
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		mò mò
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mak › ‹ mak ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mˁak/ /*mˁak/
    English there is no X such that X deliberate (v.) (loan)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 莫
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9252
    Phonetic
    component         		莫
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		莫
    Old
    Chinese         		/*maːɡ/
    Notes 從日在茻中，暮初文，小徐茻亦聲

    DefinitionsEdit

    莫

    1. † none; nothing; not anything
    2. (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min Dong, Xiang) do not; don't; must not
      莫做聲！ / 莫做声！ [dialectal Mandarin]  ―  Mò zuòshēng! [Pinyin]  ―  Keep quiet! (literally, “Don't make a sound!”)
      莫細膩。 / 莫细腻。 [Min Dong]  ―  Mŏ̤h-sá̤-nê / [moʔ⁵⁻²¹ (s-)lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]  ―  Don't be too polite. / Make yourself at home.
      你莫腿囉。 / 你莫腿啰。 [Xiang]  ―  nyi3 mo6 tei3 lo [Wiktionary]  ―  You don't joke.
      發生火災莫驚慌 / 发生火灾莫惊慌  ―  fāshēng huǒzāi mò jīnghuāng  ―  Don't be panicked when conflagration happens
    3. particle indicating a rhetorical question
    4. A surname​.

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別, 不要
    Mandarin Beijing 別, 別價
    Taiwan 別, 不要
    Harbin 別
    Muping 別
    Jinan 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
    Luoyang 嫑, 甭, 休
    Wanrong 嫑, 不要
    Xi'an 嫑, 不敢
    Lanzhou 不要
    Xining 嫑
    Ürümqi 嫑
    Wuhan 莫1, 不
    Chengdu 莫1, 不要, 嫑
    Guiyang 不要
    Guilin 莫1
    Liuzhou 莫1, 莫要
    Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 莫1
    Xuzhou 嫑, 休
    Yangzhou 莫1, 不要
    Nanjing 不要
    Hefei 別, 不要
    Malaysia 不要
    Singapore 不要
    Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 唔好
    Hong Kong 咪, 唔好
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 唔好
    Macau 唔要
    Shunde 咪
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咪
    Doumen 唔好
    Taishan 唔好
    Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
    Dongguan 咪, 唔好
    Shaoguan 咪
    Yunfu 咪, 唔好
    Yangjiang 莫1, 無好
    Xinyi 毛
    Lianjiang 冇
    Nanning 冇要
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咪
    Singapore (Guangfu) 咪, 唔好
    Gan Nanchang 莫1
    Lichuan 毋要, 不要
    Pingxiang 不要
    Hakka Meixian 莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
    Xingning 毋愛
    Huidong (Daling) 毋好
    Qujiang 毋好
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 毋好
    Changting 毋要
    Liancheng 毋要
    Ninghua 毋要
    Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
    Ruijin 毋要
    Shicheng 毋要
    Shangyou 毋要
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 毋好
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 毋好
    Dongshi (Dabu) 毋好
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 毋好
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 毋好
    Hong Kong 毋好
    Sabah (Longchuan) 毋愛
    Senai (Huiyang) 毋好
    Kuching (Hepo) 唔愛
    Huizhou Jixi 不要, 嫑
    Shexian 不要, 嫑
    Tunxi 不要, 嫑
    Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
    Xinzhou 不要, 嫑, 播
    Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
    Pucheng (Shibei) 伓敢
    Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通, 毋
    Fuqing 伓通
    Matsu 毋
    Min Nan Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 莫2
    Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛, 甭
    Zhangzhou 毋通, 莫2, 甭
    Zhao'an 孬
    Taipei 莫2, 甭 GT
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 莫去
    Kaohsiung 莫2
    Yilan 毋通, 莫2
    Changhua (Lukang) 莫2
    Tainan 莫2
    Penang (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭
    Singapore (Hokkien) 莫2
    Manila (Hokkien) 毋通, 甭
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 別
    Chaozhou 孬, 莫2
    Shantou 孬, 莫2
    Chaoyang 莫2
    Haifeng 莫2
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
    Singapore (Teochew) 莫2, 孬
    Leizhou 無地
    Haikou 無用, 莫2, 無莫
    Qionghai 無用
    Singapore (Hainanese) 無用
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冇要
    Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
    Chongming 𧟰
    Suzhou 𧟰
    Hangzhou 嫑
    Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
    Ningbo 莫, 甮
    Wenzhou 𧟰
    Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
    Xiang Changsha 莫1, 不要
    Shuangfeng 莫1
    Loudi 不要, 莫1
    Quanzhou 別
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 莫

    Etymology 2Edit

    simp. and trad.
    		 莫
    alternative forms
     
    勿
    嘜／唛
    麥／麦
    賣／卖
    甭
    勿
    嘜／唛
    麥／麦
    賣／卖
    甭
    ⿰勿愛

    Contraction of 毋愛／毋爱 (m̄-ài).

    PronunciationEdit

    DefinitionsEdit

    莫 (Min Nan)

    1. do not; don't; must not
      莫摸我！ [Hokkien]  ―  Mài bong góa! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Don't touch me!
    2. to not want

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別, 不要
    Mandarin Beijing 別, 別價
    Taiwan 別, 不要
    Harbin 別
    Muping 別
    Jinan 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
    Luoyang 嫑, 甭, 休
    Wanrong 嫑, 不要
    Xi'an 嫑, 不敢
    Lanzhou 不要
    Xining 嫑
    Ürümqi 嫑
    Wuhan 莫1, 不
    Chengdu 莫1, 不要, 嫑
    Guiyang 不要
    Guilin 莫1
    Liuzhou 莫1, 莫要
    Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 莫1
    Xuzhou 嫑, 休
    Yangzhou 莫1, 不要
    Nanjing 不要
    Hefei 別, 不要
    Malaysia 不要
    Singapore 不要
    Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 唔好
    Hong Kong 咪, 唔好
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 唔好
    Macau 唔要
    Shunde 咪
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咪
    Doumen 唔好
    Taishan 唔好
    Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
    Dongguan 咪, 唔好
    Shaoguan 咪
    Yunfu 咪, 唔好
    Yangjiang 莫1, 無好
    Xinyi 毛
    Lianjiang 冇
    Nanning 冇要
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咪
    Singapore (Guangfu) 咪, 唔好
    Gan Nanchang 莫1
    Lichuan 毋要, 不要
    Pingxiang 不要
    Hakka Meixian 莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
    Xingning 毋愛
    Huidong (Daling) 毋好
    Qujiang 毋好
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 毋好
    Changting 毋要
    Liancheng 毋要
    Ninghua 毋要
    Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
    Ruijin 毋要
    Shicheng 毋要
    Shangyou 毋要
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 毋好
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 毋好
    Dongshi (Dabu) 毋好
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 毋好
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 毋好
    Hong Kong 毋好
    Sabah (Longchuan) 毋愛
    Senai (Huiyang) 毋好
    Kuching (Hepo) 唔愛
    Huizhou Jixi 不要, 嫑
    Shexian 不要, 嫑
    Tunxi 不要, 嫑
    Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
    Xinzhou 不要, 嫑, 播
    Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
    Pucheng (Shibei) 伓敢
    Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通, 毋
    Fuqing 伓通
    Matsu 毋
    Min Nan Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 莫2
    Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛, 甭
    Zhangzhou 毋通, 莫2, 甭
    Zhao'an 孬
    Taipei 莫2, 甭 GT
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 莫去
    Kaohsiung 莫2
    Yilan 毋通, 莫2
    Changhua (Lukang) 莫2
    Tainan 莫2
    Penang (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭
    Singapore (Hokkien) 莫2
    Manila (Hokkien) 毋通, 甭
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 別
    Chaozhou 孬, 莫2
    Shantou 孬, 莫2
    Chaoyang 莫2
    Haifeng 莫2
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
    Singapore (Teochew) 莫2, 孬
    Leizhou 無地
    Haikou 無用, 莫2, 無莫
    Qionghai 無用
    Singapore (Hainanese) 無用
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冇要
    Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
    Chongming 𧟰
    Suzhou 𧟰
    Hangzhou 嫑
    Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
    Ningbo 莫, 甮
    Wenzhou 𧟰
    Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
    Xiang Changsha 莫1, 不要
    Shuangfeng 莫1
    Loudi 不要, 莫1
    Quanzhou 別
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

    Etymology 3Edit

    simp. and trad.
    		 莫

    PronunciationEdit

    DefinitionsEdit

    莫

    1. † Original form of 暮 (mù, “dusk; late”).
    2. † a kind of vegetable

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 莫

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    莫

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. late
    2. end
    3. not be
    4. must not

    ReadingsEdit

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    莫 • (mak, mo) (hangeul 막, 모)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    莫: Hán Việt readings: mạc (末(mạt)各(các)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    莫: Nôm readings: mác[1][2][3][4][5][6], mạc[1][2][5][6], mếch[1]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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