넘치다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 넘〯ᄣᅵ다〮 (Yale: němpstì-tá), from 넘〯- (něm-, “to surpass”) + ᄣᅵ다〮 (pstì-tá, “to overflow”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈnɘ(ː)mt͡ɕʰida̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [넘(ː)치다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	neomchida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	neomchida
McCune–Reischauer?	nŏmch'ida
Yale Romanization?	nēmchita

Verb

넘치다 • (neomchida) (infinitive 넘쳐 or 넘치어, sequential 넘치니) (intransitive)

1. to overflow, to run over, to brim over, to flood

   물-이 넘치다 ― mur-i neomchida ― to be overflowing with water

   돈-이 넘치다 ― don-i neomchida ― to be flush of money

2. (figuratively, of emotions, of feelings, etc.) to surge, to brim

   그-는 자신감-이 넘쳤다. ― Geu-neun jasin'gam-i neomcheotda. ― He was surging with confidence.

   그-는 소식-을 듣-고 기쁨-에 넘쳤다.

   Geu-neun sosig-eul deut-go gippeum-e neomcheotda.

   He was brimming with happiness after hearing the news.

3. (figuratively) to exceed, to go beyond (an acceptable limit)

   도로-는 차-들-이 넘쳐 교통 체증-에 시달렸다.

   Doro-neun cha-deur-i neomcheo gyotong chejeung-e sidallyeotda.

   The roads suffered from traffic jams as they were overcrowded with cars.

   그-는 분수-에 넘치는 생활-을 하-곤 했다.

   Geu-neun bunsu-e neomchineun saenghwar-eul ha-gon haetda.

   He used to live beyond his means.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 넘치다 (neomchida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	넘친다 neomchinda	넘쳐 neomcheo	넘쳐요, 넘치어요 neomcheoyo, neomchieoyo	넘칩니다 neomchimnida
	Past	넘쳤다 neomcheotda	넘쳤어 neomcheosseo	넘쳤어요 neomcheosseoyo	넘쳤습니다 neomcheotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	넘치느냐 neomchineunya	넘쳐 neomcheo	넘쳐요, 넘치어요 neomcheoyo, neomchieoyo	넘칩니까 neomchimnikka
	Past	넘쳤느냐 neomcheonneunya	넘쳤어 neomcheosseo	넘쳤어요 neomcheosseoyo	넘쳤습니까 neomcheotseumnikka
Hortative		넘치자 neomchija	넘쳐 neomcheo	넘쳐요, 넘치어요 neomcheoyo, neomchieoyo	넘치십시다 neomchisipsida
Imperative		넘쳐라, 넘치어라 neomcheora, neomchieora	넘쳐 neomcheo	넘쳐요, 넘치어요 neomcheoyo, neomchieoyo	넘칩시오 neomchipsio
Assertive		넘치겠다 neomchigetda	넘치겠어 neomchigesseo	넘치겠어요 neomchigesseoyo	넘치겠습니다 neomchigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		넘쳐 neomcheo	넘쳐서, 넘치어서 neomcheoseo, neomchieoseo	넘치니 neomchini	넘치니까 neomchinikka
Contrast		넘치지만 neomchijiman	넘치는데 neomchineunde	넘치더니 neomchideoni
Conjunction		넘치고 neomchigo
Condition		넘치면 neomchimyeon	넘쳐야, 넘치어야 neomcheoya, neomchieoya
Motive		넘치려고 neomchiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		넘침 neomchim	넘치기 neomchigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		넘쳤음, 넘치었음 neomcheosseum, neomchieosseum	넘쳤기, 넘치었기 neomcheotgi, neomchieotgi
Determiners	Past	넘친 neomchin
	Present	넘치는 neomchineun
	Future	넘칠 neomchil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	넘치신다 neomchisinda	넘치셔 neomchisyeo	넘치세요, 넘치셔요 neomchiseyo, neomchisyeoyo	넘치십니다 neomchisimnida
	Past	넘치셨다 neomchisyeotda	넘치셨어 neomchisyeosseo	넘치셨어요 neomchisyeosseoyo	넘치셨습니다 neomchisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	넘치시느냐 neomchisineunya	넘치셔 neomchisyeo	넘치세요, 넘치셔요 neomchiseyo, neomchisyeoyo	넘치십니까 neomchisimnikka
	Past	넘치셨느냐 neomchisyeonneunya	넘치셨어 neomchisyeosseo	넘치셨어요 neomchisyeosseoyo	넘치셨습니까 neomchisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		넘치시라 neomchisira	넘치셔 neomchisyeo	넘치세요 neomchiseyo	넘치십시오 neomchisipsio
Assertive		넘치시겠다 neomchisigetda	넘치시겠어 neomchisigesseo	넘치시겠어요 neomchisigesseoyo	넘치시겠습니다 neomchisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		넘치셔 neomchisyeo	넘치셔서 neomchisyeoseo	넘치시니 neomchisini	넘치시니까 neomchisinikka
Contrast		넘치시지만 neomchisijiman	넘치시는데 neomchisineunde	넘치시더니 neomchisideoni
Conjunction		넘치시고 neomchisigo
Condition		넘치시면 neomchisimyeon	넘치셔야 neomchisyeoya
Motive		넘치시려고 neomchisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		넘치심 neomchisim	넘치시기 neomchisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		넘치셨음 neomchisyeosseum	넘치셨기 neomchisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	넘치신 neomchisin
	Present	넘치시는 neomchisineun
	Future	넘치실 neomchisil

Derived terms

• 끓어넘치다 (kkeureoneomchida)
• 넘쳐흐르다 (neomcheoheureuda)
• 차고 넘치다 (chago neomchida)
• 흘러넘치다 (heulleoneomchida)