Korean

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Etymology

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Sino-Korean word from 諺簡.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈɘ(ː)nɡa̠n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?eon'gan
Revised Romanization (translit.)?eongan
McCune–Reischauer?ŏn'gan
Yale Romanization?ēnkan

Noun

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언간 (eon'gan) (hanja 諺簡)

  1. (historical) any pre-contemporary letter written in hangul between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries
    • 2010, 신성철 [sinseongcheol, Sin Seong-cheol], “옛말 사전의 의의와 과제 — 언간 어휘 사전의 체재를 중심으로 — [yenmal sajeonui uiuiwa gwaje - eon'gan eohwi sajeonui chejaereul jungsimeuro -]”, in Gugeo munhakhoe, volume 48, pages 89—114:
      언간 동일한 시기 자료 아니라 16세기부터 19세기 걸쳐진 자료이다.
      Eon'gan-eun dong'ilhan sigi-ui jaryo-ga anira 16segi-buteo 19segi-e geolcheojin jaryo-ida.
      The pre-contemporary Korean-language letters are not a corpus from a single period, but one that stretches from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries.
    • 2013, 김슬옹 [gimseurong], “조선시대 '언간'에 나타난 우리말과 글의 아름다움과 가치 [joseonsidae eon'gan e natanan urimalgwa geurui areumdaumgwa gachi]”, in Nara sarang, volume 122, pages 190—210:
      조선시대 '언간' 나타난 우리말 아름다움 가치
      Joseonsidae eon'gan -e natanan urimal-gwa geur-ui areumdaum-gwa gachi
      The beauty and value of Korean language and writing as represented in the Joseon-era Korean-language letters
    • 2019, 조용림 [joyongnim], 백낙천 [baengnakcheon], “언간에 나타난 관용적 표현 양상 [eon'gane natanan gwanyongjeok pyohyeon yangsang]”, in Gukje eoneo munhak, volume 43, pages 87—119:
      언간에는 정형화된 형식적 규약 따로 있는 아니지만 나름 일정한 규식 갖추고 있으, 하나 형태 굳어져 통용되는 이른바 관용적 표현 빈번하게 나타나고 있다.
      Eon'gan-eneun jeonghyeonghwadoen hyeongsikjeok gyuyag-i ttaro inneun geos-eun anijiman nareum-ui iljeonghan gyusig-eul gatchugo isseumyeo, hana-ui hyeongtae-ro gudeojeo tong'yongdoeneun ireunba gwanyongjeok pyohyeon-deur-i binbeonhage natanago itda.
      While it is not the case that pre-contemporary Korean-language letters had standardized rules to their format, they did adhere to certain particular norms, and conventionalized expressions which have solidified into single set phrases appear frequently.