-янка

Russian

Alternative forms

• -а́нка (-ánka) — after a hushing consonant (ш ж ч щ) or ц

Etymology

Originally from -ка (-ka) added to adjectives ending in -яный (-janyj) or -яно́й (-janój); later extracted out as its own suffix.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʲankə]

Suffix

-я́нка • (-jánka) f inan or f anim

1. suffix appended to nouns to form related nouns of various sorts, both animate and inanimate, generally referring to more specific objects than the base lemma, often plants or animals

   ‎весна́ (vesná, “spring”) + ‎-я́нка (-jánka) → ‎весня́нка (vesnjánka, “spring song; stonefly”)

   ‎медь (medʹ, “copper”) + ‎-я́нка (-jánka) → ‎медя́нка (medjánka, “grass snake; verdigris”)

   ‎роса́ (rosá, “dew”) + ‎-я́нка (-jánka) → ‎рося́нка (rosjánka, “sundew”)

   ‎де́рево (dérevo, “tree”) + ‎-я́нка (-jánka) → ‎деревя́нка (derevjánka, “common tormentil”)

   ‎стекло́ (stekló, “glass”) (dialectal скло (sklo)) + ‎-я́нка (-jánka) → ‎скля́нка (skljánka, “vial, bottle”)

Usage notes

Note the following properties:

• The suffix is added onto the stem in its reduced form.
• The suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of velar consonants, after which it becomes -а́нка (-ánka).
• The suffix becomes -а́нка (-ánka) after a hushing consonant (ш ж ч щ) or ц.

Declension

Declension of -я́нка (bian fem-form velar-stem accent-a reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	-я́нка -jánka	-я́нки -jánki
genitive	-я́нки -jánki	-я́нок -jánok
dative	-я́нке -jánke	-я́нкам -jánkam
accusative animate inanimate	-я́нку -jánku	-я́нок -jánok
		-я́нки -jánki
instrumental	-я́нкой, -я́нкою -jánkoj, -jánkoju	-я́нками -jánkami
prepositional	-я́нке -jánke	-я́нках -jánkax

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -янка