-𐌽𐌳𐍃

Gothic

Alternative forms

• -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands)
• -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ndz. Cognate with Dutch -end, English -ing, German -end, Latin -ēns, Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant).

Suffix

-𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (-nds)

1. -ing. Forms present participles from verbs.
2. -er. Forms agent nouns from verbs. Identical in form and meaning, but not in declension, to the present participle.

Usage notes

• In both cases, the suffix is always attached to the thematic vowel of the verb; thus, this suffix always manifests either as -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands) and -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds). These are used when the infinitive ends in -𐌰𐌽 (-an) and -𐍉𐌽 (-ōn) respectively.
• Sometimes, apparent participles are attested which do not seem to have been formed via an extant verb but rather through the direct combination of various words plus this suffix into an adjective which resembles a participle in form and meaning; e.g. 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (blōþarinnands), 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (unfraþjands).

Declension

Participle:

An/īn-stem, strong in m. nom. sg.
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-𐌽𐌳𐍃, -𐌽𐌳𐌰 -nds, -nda	-𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 -ndei	-𐌽𐌳𐍉 -ndō
Accusative	-𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 -ndan	-𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 -ndein	-𐌽𐌳𐍉 -ndō
Genitive	-𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndins	-𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndeins	-𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndins
Dative	-𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 -ndin	-𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 -ndein	-𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 -ndin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 -ndans	-𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndeins	-𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 -ndōna
Accusative	-𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 -ndans	-𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndeins	-𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 -ndōna
Genitive	-𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 -ndanē	-𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 -ndeinō	-𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 -ndanē
Dative	-𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 -ndam	-𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼 -ndeim	-𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 -ndam

Noun:

Masculine nd-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-𐌽𐌳𐍃 -nds	-𐌽𐌳𐍃 -nds
Vocative	-𐌽𐌳 -nd	-𐌽𐌳𐍃 -nds
Accusative	-𐌽𐌳 -nd	-𐌽𐌳𐍃 -nds
Genitive	-𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 -ndis	-𐌽𐌳𐌴 -ndē
Dative	-𐌽𐌳 -nd	-𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 -ndam

Derived terms

Gothic terms suffixed with -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃

Gothic terms suffixed with -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃