-tudo

See also: tudo, tudó, tüdő, and tự do

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-tu- + *-d- + *-h₃onh₂-. Compare Ancient Greek -σῠ́νη (-súnē) and -δών (-dṓn).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈtuː.doː/, [ˈt̪uːd̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈtu.do/, [ˈt̪uːd̪o]

Suffix

-tūdō f (genitive -tūdinis); third declension

1. -itude, -ness; used to form abstract nouns indicating a condition or state.

Usage notes

• The suffix -tūdō is added to an adjective to form an abstract third declension feminine noun indicating a condition or state.

Examples:

• ‎magnus (“great”) + ‎-tudo → ‎magnitūdō (“greatness”)
• ‎mollis (“soft”) + ‎-tudo → ‎mollitūdō (“softness”)
• ‎valeo (“be healthy”) + ‎-tudo → ‎valētūdō (“health”)

• The related suffix -dō also forms abstract nouns of state, but is added to verb or participle stems. The resulting nouns often end in -tūdō as a result of the verb stem interaction with -dō.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-tūdō	-tūdinēs
Genitive	-tūdinis	-tūdinum
Dative	-tūdinī	-tūdinibus
Accusative	-tūdinem	-tūdinēs
Ablative	-tūdine	-tūdinibus
Vocative	-tūdō	-tūdinēs

Synonyms

• (-itude): -dō, -ia, -itia, -tās

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -tudo

Descendants

• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: -idõe, -edũe
    • Galician: -edume
    • Portuguese: -idão
  • Old Spanish: -dumne
    • Spanish: -dumbre
• Borrowings:
  • → Italian: -itudine
    • → Romanian: -itudine
  • → Middle French: -itude
    • French: -itude
      • → Franco-Provençal: -ituda
      • → German: -itüde
    • → Middle English: -itude
      • English: -itude
  • → Spanish: -itud