Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(é)-tus m

1. Derives action nouns from verb roots.

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*(é)-tus
genitive	*(Ø)-téws
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-tus	*(é)-tuh₁(e)	*(é)-tewes
vocative	*(é)-tu	*(é)-tuh₁(e)	*(é)-tewes
accusative	*(é)-tum	*(é)-tuh₁(e)	*(é)-tums
genitive	*(Ø)-téws	*?	*(Ø)-téwoHom
ablative	*(Ø)-téws	*?	*(Ø)-túmos, *(Ø)-túbʰos
dative	*(Ø)-téwey	*?	*(Ø)-túmos, *(Ø)-túbʰos
locative	*(Ø)-téw, *(Ø)-téwi	*?	*(Ø)-túsu
instrumental	*(Ø)-túh₁	*?	*(Ø)-túmis, *(Ø)-túbʰis

Derived terms

Category Proto-Indo-European nouns suffixed with *-tus not found

• *-tu-no- (with *-no-)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *-tunos m, ⇒ *-tunā f
    • Ancient Greek: -συνος (-sunos), -σύνη (-súnē)
• *-tew-d-h₃onh₂- (with *-h₃onh₂-)
  • Proto-Italic: *-tūdō
    • Latin: -tūdō
• *-tweh₂ (*-tu-eh₂ f)
• *-twom (*-tu-om n)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-istwa
    • Proto-Slavic: *-ьstvo n (“-ness”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-twam
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-twam
      • Sanskrit: -त्व n (-tva, “-ness”)
        • → Bengali: -ত্ব (-tto) (learned)
        • Hindi: -पन (-pan)
        • → Hindi: -त्व (-tva) (learned)
        • → Marathi: -त्व (-tva)
        • Punjabi: -تّ (-att) / -ਅੱਤ

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tus
  • Latvian: -tus
  • Lithuanian: -tus
  • Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ)
• Proto-Celtic: *-tus (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *-þuz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *-tús
  • Ancient Greek: -τύς (-tús)
• Proto-Italic: *-tus
  • Latin: -tum (the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative)
  • Latin: -tus
• Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: -तुम् (-tum)