Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rudāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) (from which also *raudaz).

Verb

*rudāną

1. to redden (to become red)

Inflection

Conjugation of *rudāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rudō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*rudaisi	?	*rudai	*rudāsai	?
3rd singular	*rudaiþi	?	*rudāþau	*rudāþai	?
1st dual	*rudōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rudāþiz	?	*rudāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rudāmaz	?	—	*rudānþai	?
2nd plural	*rudaiþ	?	*rudaiþ	*rudānþai	?
3rd plural	*rudānþi	?	*rudānþau	*rudānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rudadǭ	*rudadēdį̄
2nd singular	*rudadēz	*rudadēdīz
3rd singular	*rudadē	*rudadēdī
1st dual	*rudadēdū	*rudadēdīw
2nd dual	*rudadēdudiz	*rudadēdīdiz
1st plural	*rudadēdum	*rudadēdīm
2nd plural	*rudadēdud	*rudadēdīd
3rd plural	*rudadēdun	*rudadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*rudāndz	*rudadaz

Related terms

• *raudaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *rodēn, *rudēn
  • Old English: rudian
    • Middle English: ruden, rudden
      • English: rud
  • Old Saxon: *rodōn
    • Middle Low German: rȫden, rȫten
  • Old Dutch: *rodon
    • Middle Dutch: rōden
      • Dutch: roden
  • Old High German: rotēn
    • Middle High German: roten
      • German: röten
• Old Norse: roða
  • Faroese: roða
  • Icelandic: roða
  • Norwegian: roda, rode