Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Root edit

*kʷel-

to turn (end-over-end)
to revolve around, and therefore to sojourn, to dwell

Reconstruction notes edit

The root is sometimes reconstructed with -h₁- in order to explain some forms in Greek, including:

Proto-Greek *kʷélh₁-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present) > Ancient Greek τελέθω (teléthō)

This reconstruction, however, contradicts some forms in other languages, e.g.:

Proto-Italic *kʷl̥-tó-s (past participle) > Latin cultus (not **clātus < **kʷl̥h₁-tós)

Alternative reconstructions edit

*kʷelh₁-^[1]

Derived terms edit

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷel-‎ (37 c, 0 e)

*kʷél-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Albanian: *tšela
  - Albanian: sjell
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélō
  - Ancient Greek: πέλω (pélō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čálHati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *kʷelō
  - Latin: colō (see there for further descendants)
*kʷél-ye-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷéľľō
  - Ancient Greek: τέλλω (téllō)
*kʷl-ét ~ *kʷl-ónt (thematic root aorist)
- Proto-Albanian: *kla ~ *klend^[2]
  - Albanian: qe
*kʷél-u-s
- Proto-Italic: *kʷélus
  - Latin: colus
*kʷel-u-
- Proto-Celtic: *kʷolu- (“wheel”)
  - Middle Irish: cul
*kʷel-o-m
- Old Prussian: kelan
*kʷól-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷólos
  - Ancient Greek: πόλος (pólos)
    - Greek: πόλος (pólos)
    - → Latin: polus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: kele (“navel, belly button”)^[3]
*kʷl̥H-í-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷalis
  - Ancient Greek: πάλιν (pálin), πᾰ́λῐ (páli)
    - Greek: πάλι (páli)
    - → Coptic: ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ (palin)
*kʷé-kʷl-o-s (reduplicated noun)
*kʷél-os ~ *kʷél-es-os
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélos
  - Ancient Greek: τέλος (télos)
    - Greek: τέλος (télos)
    - → English: telos
    - → English: teleology
*kʷel-es-ye-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷeléyyō
  - Ancient Greek: τελέω (teléō)

*kʷól-os ~ *kʷól-es-os
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kalas
  - Proto-Slavic: *kolo (see there for further descendants)
*kʷol-so-
- Proto-Germanic: *halsaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *kʷolsom
  - Latin: collum (see there for further descendants)
*kʷl̥-tó-s
- Proto-Italic: *kʷoltos
  - Latin: cultus (see there for further descendants)
*kʷel-éh₂
- Proto-Italic: *-kʷelā
  - Latin: -cola
*kʷel-h₃onh₂-os
- Proto-Italic: *kʷelōnos
  - Latin: colōnus (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τῆλε (têle)
  - Ancient Greek: πάλαι (pálai)
  - Ancient Greek: -κόλος (-kólos), -πόλος (-pólos)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: चल (cala)
- Proto-Tocharian: *käl-^[4]
  - Tocharian A: käl-
  - Tocharian B: käl-
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: klutk-
  - (possibly) → Proto-Uralic: *kulke- (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kela-
  - Proto-Slavic: *čeľadь (“household, servants”) (see there for further descendants)
  - (possibly) Proto-Slavic: *čelověkъ (“human”) (see there for further descendants)

References edit

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “k^u̯elh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 386
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 214: “*kle-nti”
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kele”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 211
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “käl-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 179-181

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “k^u̯elh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 386

[2] Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 214: “*kle-nti”

[3] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kele”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 211

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “käl-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 179-181

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