Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qaʀus

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʔaʀus/, /qaʀus/

Noun edit

*qaʀus

current (water)

Descendants edit

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian::
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Sumba–Flores:
    - Kambera: arihu
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *qaʀus
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Kowiai: larus
  - Proto-Oceanic: *qaʀus
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        Fijian: yau
        Proto-Polynesian: *qau
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: au
        Mangarevan: au
        North Marquesan: au
        Rapa Nui: au
        Tahitic:
        Maori: au
        Rakahanga-Manihiki: e au
        Rapa: au
        Rarotongan: au
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Kapingamarangi: au
        Nukuoro: au
        Takuu: au
        Tuvaluan: au
        Futunic:
        Anuta: au
        Futuna-Aniwa: au
        Pukapukan: au
        Tikopia: au
        Samoic:
        Samoan: au
        Tokelauan: au
        Tongic:
        Niuean: āu
        Tongan: ʻau
        Rotuman: au
        Western Fijian: yau
      - Micronesian:
        Chuukese: éwú-
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Mota: ar
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Papuan Tip:
        Bunama: 'alusa
        Bwanabwana: kalus-i
        Motu: aru
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Greater Barito:
  - West Barito:
    - Ngaju: asoh
- North Borneo:
  - Central Sarawak:
    - Central Melanau: aus
- Proto-Philippine: *qaʀus
  - Batanic:
    - Ibatan: āyos
  - Central Luzon:
    - Kapampangan: águs
  - Greater Central Philippine:
    - Central Philippine:
      - Tagalog: ágos
      - Visayan:
        Cebuano: águs
    - Danao:
      - Maranao: agos
    - Manobo:
      - Binukid: agus
  - Northern Luzon:
    - Cagayan Valley:
      - Isnag: áyus
    - Ilocano: árus
    - Meso-Cordilleran:
      - Kankanaey: áyus
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Nias: hou
  - Simeulue: alus
- Lampungic:
  - Lampung Api: haʀus
- Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:
    - Balinese: ahus
    - Sasak: arus
  - Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Malayic: *harus
      - Iban: arus
      - Malay: arus
        > Indonesian: arus (inherited)
- Old Javanese: arus, harus, hos
  - > Javanese: ꦲꦫꦸꦱ꧀ (arus) (inherited)
    - >? Malay: harus
      - > Indonesian: harus (inherited)
  - > Javanese: os-os (inherited)
- Proto-South Sulawesi:
  - Buginese: aru'
  - Makasar: arusu'
  - Mandar: arus

External links edit

Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *qaʀus