ar
TranslingualEdit
EtymologyEdit
SymbolEdit
ar
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɑː/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɑɹ/
- (Ireland) IPA(key): /ˈaɹ/, /ˈäːɹ/
- (AAVE) IPA(key): /ˈɑɹə/
- Rhymes: -ɑː, -ɑɹ, -ɔɹ, -ɑɹə
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English *ar, arres pl, from earlier *er.
NounEdit
ar (plural ars)
- The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.
- All the ars in the inscription.
- 2004 Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, p. 170
- I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.
- 2016 CCEB, Communications Instructions Radiotelephone Procedures: ACP125 (G), p. 3-5
- RV [is spoken] as "ar-vee" instead of "I SPELL Romeo Victor".
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
|
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee / zed
Etymology 2Edit
InterjectionEdit
ar
- (UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr
Derived termsEdit
ParticleEdit
ar
- (UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr
Etymology 3Edit
VerbEdit
ar
- Obsolete spelling of are
- 1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster:
- But commonlie, the fairest bodies, ar bestowed on the foulest purposes.
AnagramsEdit
AbinomnEdit
NounEdit
ar
AlbanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin aurum (“gold”).[1][2] Considering the rendering of Latin au- as Albanian ā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ar m (definite singular ari)[3]
- (chemistry) gold
- 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari
- Të provuomitë e fesë saj të jetë mā e pāçmuome se ari. ― The temptations of her religion are more precious than (the) gold.
- 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari
- (figurative) treasure, gem
- Synonym: thesar
- golden thread
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
AdjectiveEdit
ar m (feminine are)
- golden
- (figurative) precious
- Synonym: çmueshëm
- (figurative) yellow; white, bright
- (figurative) blonde, bright, light (hair)
- Synonym: biond
Etymology 2Edit
Probably via French are (“are”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ar m (indefinite plural arë, definite singular ari, definite plural arët)[4]
DeclensionEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998) Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 7
- ^ Topalli, Kolec (2017), “ar”, in Fjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe, Durrës, Albania: Jozef, page 111
- ^ [1] m. noun (& adjective) ar (I) "gold / golden" (def. ari) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
- ^ [2] m. noun ar (II) "are" (def./sg. ari; indef./pl. arë; def./pl. arët) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
AromanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin arō. Compare Daco-Romanian ara, ar.
VerbEdit
ar (third-person singular present indicative arã, past participle aratã)
- I plough.
Related termsEdit
AzerbaijaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Arabic عَار (ʿār).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)
- feeling of shame
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of ar | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| nominative | ar |
arlar | ||||||
| definite accusative | arı |
arları | ||||||
| dative | ara |
arlara | ||||||
| locative | arda |
arlarda | ||||||
| ablative | ardan |
arlardan | ||||||
| definite genitive | arın |
arların | ||||||
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
BasqueEdit
NounEdit
ar inan or anim
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of ar (animate and inanimate, ending in -r) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | singular | plural | ||
| absolutive | ar | arra | arrak | |
| ergative | arrek | arrak | arrek | |
| dative | arri | arrari | arrei | |
| genitive | arren | arraren | arren | |
| comitative | arrekin | arrarekin | arrekin | |
| causative | arrengatik | arrarengatik | arrengatik | |
| benefactive | arrentzat | arrarentzat | arrentzat | |
| instrumental | arrez | arraz | arrez | |
| inessive | anim. | arrengan | arrarengan | arrengan |
| inanim. | arretan | arrean | arretan | |
| locative | anim. | — | — | — |
| inanim. | arretako | arreko | arretako | |
| allative | anim. | arrengana | arrarengana | arrengana |
| inanim. | arretara | arrera | arretara | |
| terminative | anim. | arrenganaino | arrarenganaino | arrenganaino |
| inanim. | arretaraino | arreraino | arretaraino | |
| directive | anim. | arrenganantz | arrarenganantz | arrenganantz |
| inanim. | arretarantz | arrerantz | arretarantz | |
| destinative | anim. | arrenganako | arrarenganako | arrenganako |
| inanim. | arretarako | arrerako | arretarako | |
| ablative | anim. | arrengandik | arrarengandik | arrengandik |
| inanim. | arretatik | arretik | arretatik | |
| partitive | arrik | — | — | |
| prolative | artzat | — | — | |
BretonEdit
ArticleEdit
ar
See alsoEdit
ChuukeseEdit
DeterminerEdit
ar
- third person plural general possessive; their
Related termsEdit
| Small objects, concepts | Large objects, living things | Suffix | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First person | ai | nei | -ei |
| Second person | omw, om | noum | -om | |
| Third person | an | noun | -an | |
| Plural | First person | äm (exclusive) ach (inclusive) |
nöu̇m (exclusive) nöüch (inclusive) |
-em (exclusive) -ach (inclusive) |
| Second person | ämi, ami | noumi | -emi | |
| Third person | ar | nour | -er |
CimbrianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle High German ahorn, from Old High German ahorn. Cognate with German Ahorn.
NounEdit
ar m
Alternative formsEdit
- aorn (Sette Comuni)
ReferencesEdit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Etymology 2Edit
PronounEdit
ar
- (Sette Comuni) Short for èar (“he”).
- Ar khimmet lóofanten.
- He comes running.
ReferencesEdit
- “ar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
CzechEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French are, created during the French Revolution as a learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ar m inan
- are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ "ar" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
Further readingEdit
DanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
ar n (singular definite arret, plural indefinite ar)
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
VerbEdit
ar
- imperative of arre
Etymology 2Edit
From French are, from Latin ārea (“open space”).
NounEdit
ar c (singular definite aren, plural indefinite ar)
- are (square decametre, 100 m²)
InflectionEdit
Further readingEdit
ar on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da- Ar (sår) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Dutch arre, erre, irre, from Old Dutch *irri, from Proto-Germanic *irzijaz.
AdjectiveEdit
ar (comparative arder, superlative arst)
- (archaic) sorry, sad, regrettable
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Back-formation from arrenslee (see there for further etymology).
NounEdit
ar m or f (plural arren, diminutive arretje n)
Related termsEdit
East Central GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
ar
Further readingEdit
- 2020 June 11, Hendrik Heidler, Hendrik Heidler's 400 Seiten: Echtes Erzgebirgisch: Wuu de Hasen Hoosn haaßn un de Hosen Huusn do sei mir drhamm: Das Original Wörterbuch: Ratgeber und Fundgrube der erzgebirgischen Mund- und Lebensart: Erzgebirgisch – Deutsch / Deutsch – Erzgebirgisch[3], 3. geänderte Auflage edition, Norderstedt: BoD – Books on Demand, →ISBN, OCLC 932028867, page 17:
GalicianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese aar, from an older aere, from Latin aēr.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ar m (plural ares)
Etymology 2Edit
Unknown
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ar
ReferencesEdit
- “ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “aar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “aere” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “ar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “ar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
HausaEdit
PronunciationEdit
InterjectionEdit
ar̃
IrishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
- ar (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
- for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸor (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
- íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references, triggers eclipsis in a few fixed expressions)
- on
- Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions
- Tá áthas orm.
- I am glad.
- (literally, “Joy is on me.”)
- Tá ocras orm.
- I am hungry.
- (literally, “Hunger is on me.”)
- Tá slaghdán orm.
- I have a cold.
- (literally, “A cold is on me.”)
- Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state
- ar crith ― trembling
- ar foluain ― hovering
- ar díol ― for sale
- upon (with a verbal noun plus personal form of do indicating the subject of the verb)
- ar éirí dom ― when I get/got up; upon my rising
- upon (with a (“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)
- ar a theacht or arna theacht ― when he comes/came; on his coming
- ar a chríochnú dom or arna chríochnú dom ― when I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it
- ar a theacht or
- (in conjunction with the verb bí) must, have to
- Bhí orainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.
- We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
- ar aba
- ar aghaidh
- ar ais
- ar ala na huaire
- ar amharc
- ar an gcéad dul síos
- ar aon chaoi
- ar ball
- ar bith
- ar buile
- ar bun
- ar chor ar bith
- ar chúl
- ar dtús
- ar fad
- ar feadh
- ar iarraidh
- ar lóistín
- ar maidin
- ar meisce
- ar na rópaí
- ar ndóiche
- ar ndóigh
- ar nós
- ar olca le
- ar oscailt
- arna
- arnár
- cuir ar
- cuir caoi ar
- cuir pionós ar
- de bhreis ar
- de gheall ar
- déan caimiléireacht ar
- déan cneámhaireacht ar
- faigh locht ar
- feall ar
- gabh seilbh ar
- i ngeall ar
- mar gheall ar
- tabhair ar
See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (ar)
Etymology 2Edit
ParticleEdit
ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)
- Used to form direct and indirect questions
- Ar chuala tú mé? ― Did you hear me?
- Níl a fhios agam ar chas sé an t-amhrán. ― I don’t know if/whether he sang the song.
- Ar ól an cat an bainne? ― Did the cat drink the milk?
- Ar cuireadh an síol? ― Was the seed sown?
- Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants
- Ar mhúinteoir tú? ― Were you a teacher?
Related termsEdit
- an (used with non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)
Etymology 3Edit
ParticleEdit
ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)
- Introduces an indirect relative clause
- an chathaoir ar shuigh an gasúr air ― the chair the boy sat on
- an cailín ar ól a cat an bainne ― the girl whose cat drank the milk
- an gort ar cuireadh an síol ann ― the field the seed was sown in
Related termsEdit
- a (used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)
ParticleEdit
ar (copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggers lenition in the past/conditional)
- Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense
- an fear ar múinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son is a teacher
- an fear ar iascaire a mhac ― the man whose son is a fisherman
- Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense
- an fear ar mhúinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son was a teacher
- Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense
- Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?
- Would you like a cup of tea?
- Níl a fhios agam ar mhaith léi cupán tae.
- I don’t know if she would like a cup of tea.
Related termsEdit
Simple copular forms
|
Compound copular forms
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| v Used before vowel sounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PronounEdit
ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)
- all that, whatever
- Sin ar chonnaic mé ann. ― That’s all that I saw there.
- Ar thuig tú ar canadh? ― Did you understand all that was sung?
- Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as. ― I bought whatever you paid for.
Related termsEdit
- a (form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)
Etymology 4Edit
From Middle Irish ol, from Old Irish ol.
VerbEdit
ar (used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)
- said, says
- “Tar isteach,” ar seisean.
- “Come in,” he said.
- “Ní thuigim,” ar sise.
- “I don’t understand,” she says.
- “Cén fáth?” ar siadsan.
- “Why?” they said.
Related termsEdit
- arsa (used with other persons and with full nouns)
Etymology 5Edit
NounEdit
ar m (genitive singular air)
- verbal noun of air (“plough”)
- (literary, agriculture) tillage
DeclensionEdit
|
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
MutationEdit
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| ar | n-ar | har | t-ar |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further readingEdit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “ar” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “ar” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
KalashaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Sanskrit आरा (ārā), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óleh₂ (“awl”). Cognate with German Ahle, English awl.
NounEdit
ar
KhasiEdit
| < 1 | 2 | 3 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : ar | ||
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Pnar ar, Blang [La Gang] lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pir), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).
NumeralEdit
ar
LatgalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ár. Cognates include Latvian ar (“with”) and dialectal Lithuanian ar (“and”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
ar (+ instrumental)
ReferencesEdit
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- Cognate with Lithuanian ar (“whether, if, and”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).
PrepositionEdit
ar (with instrumental)
VerbEdit
ar
- 2nd person singular present indicative form of art
- 3rd person singular present indicative form of art
- 3rd person plural present indicative form of art
- 2nd person singular imperative form of art
- (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of art
- (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of art
LithuanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-. Cognate with Latvian ar (“whether, if, with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).
ConjunctionEdit
ar̃
Usage notesEdit
Although commonly placed at the start of a sentence to form a yes/no question, it is not necessary to use ar to form such a question. Intonation alone can accomplish that. Additionally, there are other particles that can be used for the same purpose: ar̃gi, bè, benè, gál, kažìn, nègi, nejaũ, nejaũgi.
See alsoEdit
- czy (word with the same function in Polish, which has significant historical presence in Lithuania)
ReferencesEdit
- Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, →ISBN, pages 400, 428, 597, 712–713
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59
Further readingEdit
- “ar”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2023
- “ar”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2023
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
DeterminerEdit
ar
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ar
- (Northern) Alternative form of ore (“honour”)
Middle WelshEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.
PrepositionEdit
ar (triggers lenition)
- on, upon
- over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
InflectionEdit
- First-person singular: arnaf
- Second-person singular: arnat
- Third-person singular masculine: arnaw
- Third-person singular feminine: arnei, erni
- First-person plural: arnam
- Second-person plural: arnawch
- Third-person plural: arnunt
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Welsh: ar
Etymology 2Edit
PronounEdit
ar
- he/she who, whoever
- Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
- Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.
- Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.
- Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.
- Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
- that which, whatever
- Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
- Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?
- What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?
- Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?
- Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
Northern KurdishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Iranian *āθ(a)r-, from *HáHtr̥š, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”).
NounEdit
ar m (Arabic spelling ئار)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ar m (Arabic spelling ئار)
DeclensionEdit
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
ar ?
ReferencesEdit
- Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ar I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 10
- Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ar II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 10
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French are (“are”), from Latin ārea (“a piece of level ground, vacant ground, house ground”), either from Proto-Italic *āzeā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eHs- (“to become dry, burn; hearth, ashes”), or from Proto-Italic *āreā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂r-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eh₂rh₃- (“threshing tool”).
NounEdit
ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara or arene)
- an are, area of 100 square metres
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French are, from Latin area.
NounEdit
ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara)
- an are, area of 100 square metres
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“respect, honour”). Cognate with German Ehre.
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
ār f
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀ.
Cognate with Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”), German ehern (“of metal, of iron”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”). Compare Latin aes (“bronze, copper”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah), Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”).
NounEdit
ār n
DeclensionEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *airu (“oar”), from Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old Norse ár, Danish åre, Swedish åra.
NounEdit
ār f
DeclensionEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *airu (“messenger”), from Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old Saxon ēru, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).
NounEdit
ār m
- messenger, herald
- 8th-11th century, Beowulf, ll. 335-6:
- Ic eom Hroðgares ar ond ombiht.
- I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.
- angel
- missionary
DeclensionEdit
Old IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂í. Cognates include Ancient Greek παραί (paraí, “beside”) and Old English fore (modern English for and fore).
PrepositionEdit
ar (with accusative or dative)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.
InflectionEdit
| Person | Normal | Emphatic |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | airium, erum, erumm, erom | erumsa |
| 2d person sing. | airiut, aurut, erut, ærut, airut | erutsu |
| 3d sing. masc./neut., dative | airiu | |
| 3d sing. masc./neut., accusative | airi | |
| 3d sing. fem., dative | ||
| 3d sing. fem., accusative | airri, airre | |
| 1st person pl. | airiund, erunn, erund, erond, eronn, airriun, airund | |
| 2d person pl. | airib | airibsi, airiu(i)bsi, eruibsi |
| 3d person pl., dative | airib, airaib | |
| 3d person pl., accusative | air(r)iu, err(i)u, erro, erthu, airthiu, airtho | air(r)iusom, err(i)usom |
Forms combined with the definite article:
- masculine/feminine accusative singular: arin
- neuter accusative singular: ara
- dative singular all genders: [[arin(d)#Old Irish|arin(d)]], [[airind(í)#Old Irish|airind(í)]]
- accusative plural all genders: arna
- dative plural all genders: [[a(i)rnaib#Old Irish|a(i)rnaib]]
Forms combined with a possessive determiner:
Form combined with the relative particle: ara
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ar
- Alternative spelling of air (“for, since”)
Further readingEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ar (‘for’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, pages 275–76, 497–99
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.
DeterminerEdit
ar (triggers eclipsis)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “5 ar (‘our’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 440, pages 277–78
Old PortugueseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ar
- also
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 90 (facsimile):
- & ar ſẽ (com)panneira u a de(us) (con)cebiſte
- and also without equal when you conceived God
- & ar ſẽ (com)panneira u a de(us) (con)cebiſte
- again
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 274 (facsimile):
- na obra que leyxara / por fazer ar começou
- (He) started working again on his unfinished work
- na obra que leyxara / por fazer ar começou
DescendantsEdit
- Portuguese: er
Old SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *jērą.
NounEdit
ār n
DeclensionEdit
DescendantsEdit
PnarEdit
| < 1 | 2 | 3 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : ar Ordinal : wa ar | ||
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Khasi ar, Blang [La Gang] lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pir), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
ar
PolabianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Borrowed from Low German or.
ConjunctionEdit
ar
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Low German her.
AdverbEdit
ar
Alternative formsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński; Kazimierz Polański (1962), “I. ar”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological dictionary of the Polabian Drevani language] (in Polish), volume 1: A — Ďüzd, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, page 19
- Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński; Kazimierz Polański (1962), “II. ar||er”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological dictionary of the Polabian Drevani language] (in Polish), volume 1: A — Ďüzd, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, page 19
- Kazimierz Polański; James Allen Sehnert (1967), “ar I.”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 34
- Kazimierz Polański; James Allen Sehnert (1967), “ar//er II.”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 34
- Reinhold Olesch (1962), “ar”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volume 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 7
- Reinhold Olesch (1962), “Err”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volume 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 266
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
ar m inan (abbreviation a)
DeclensionEdit
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
NounEdit
ar f pl
Further readingEdit
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Portuguese aar, aire, aere, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Caipira Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈaɹ/
- Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Portugal) -aʁ
- Hyphenation: ar
Audio (Brazil - São Paulo) (file)
NounEdit
ar m (plural ares)
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From older Romanian ară, are, presumably from Latin habēret (for the singular) and habērent (for the plural). See also are.
VerbEdit
(el/ea) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)
- (he/she) would
VerbEdit
(ele/ei) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person plural form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)
- (they) would
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
ar
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
ar m (plural ari)
- an are (a unit of area equal to 100 square metres)
DeclensionEdit
Scottish GaelicEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Irish ar. Cognates include Irish ár.
DeterminerEdit
ar (triggers eclipsis)
- our
- Tha ar nighean ruadh. ― Our daughter is red-haired.
- Tha ar n-oilthigh ùr. ― Our university is new.
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
ar (defective)
Usage notesEdit
- Only has the present and past tense, which both have the same form ar.
- Always followed by the preposition le or a prepositional pronoun:
- ar le mòran nach fhaod seo a bhith ― many thought this can't be
- ar leam gun... ― it seems/seemed to me that...
Serbo-CroatianEdit
NounEdit
ar m (Cyrillic spelling ар)
- are (square decametre, 100 m²)
DeclensionEdit
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Ultimately from Latin area, probably via French are. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
NounEdit
ar c or n
- are (square decametre, 100 m²)
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of ar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ar | aren | ar | aren |
| Genitive | ars | arens | ars | arens |
| Declension of ar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ar | aret | ar | aren |
| Genitive | ars | arets | ars | arens |
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *arô.
NounEdit
ar m
ReferencesEdit
- ar in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)
- ar in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
TurkishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Ottoman Turkish عار (ar), from Arabic عَار (ʿār).
NounEdit
ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)
- feeling of shame
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)
- are (unit of area)
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Welsh ar, from Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
ar (triggers soft mutation)
- on
- about to (with a verbal noun)
- King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
- Brysiwch, mae’r trên ar fynd!
- Hurry up, the train’s about to leave!
- King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
InflectionEdit
WestrobothnianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse ǫrn, from Proto-Germanic *arô.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ar m (definite singular arʼenn)
Etymology 2Edit
PronounEdit
ar
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Rietz, Johan Ernst, “AR 2”, in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket [Swedish dialectal lexicon: a dictionary for the Swedish lects] (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 12
- ^ Stenberg, Pehr, Widmark, Gusten Ordbok över Umemålet [Dictionary of the Umeå speech], →ISBN, page 7
YolaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English or.
ConjunctionEdit
ar
- or
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4:
- Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,
- Or any other thing that would comfort me,
ReferencesEdit
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 104