Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/nadaw-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Verb

*nadaw-

ausmustern – a contranymous significance:
1. to call out, to invite
2. to proclaim, to commend or praise, to shout out, on the other hand:
3. to call out, to shout out, to chase off
4. to exclude, to parry, to discharge
5. to cast off, to put down or put away, to stow

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/nadaw- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*nadw-
active participle					*nādiw-
passive participle					nadīw-, nadūw-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*nadawku	*nadawka	*nadawa		*nadawkayā	*nadawkā	*nadawā	*nadawna	*nadawkanu	*nadawū
perfect	f	*nadawku	*nadawki	*nadawat		*nadawkayā	*nadawkā	*nadawatā	*nadawna	*nadawkina	*nadawā

imperfect	m	*ʔandū	*tandū	*yindū			*tanduwā	*yanduwā	*nindū	*tandū	*yindū
imperfect	f	*ʔandū	*tandī	*tandū			*tanduwā	*tanduwā	*nindū	*tanduwā	*yinduwā

imperative	m		*nadū				*naduwā			*nadū
imperative	f		*nadī				*naduwā			*naduwā

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒄿 (nâdum)
- Eblaite: 𒈾𒁕𒌝 (na-da-um)
West Semitic:
- Arabic: نَدَا (nadā)
- Northwest Semitic:
  - Aramaic: more at CAL
  - ⇒ Hebrew: נִדָּה (niddâ)
  - Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎄𐎊 (ndy /⁠nadaya⁠/), 𐎐𐎄 (nd /⁠nadā⁠/)
- Old South Arabian:
  - Sabaean: 𐩬𐩵𐩺 (ndy)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - North Ethiopian Semitic: (here developed to mean “to be poor”, as in “to call for help”)
    - Ge'ez: ነደየ (nädäyä), ነድየ (nädyä)
    - Tigre: ነዳ (näda)
    - Tigrinya: ነደየ (nädäyä)
→ Proto-Kartvelian: *nad-
- Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  - Old Georgian: ნადი (nadi)
  - Zan:
    - ⇒ Laz: ნოდერი (noderi)
    - Mingrelian: ნოდი (nodi)
    - → Svan: ნოდა̈რ (nodär)
- ⇒ Svan: ლინდი (lindi)