Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuxati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic, from *čuxъ (“growl, puff”) +‎ *-ati. Possibly reflecting a s-mobile root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-, akin to Proto-West Germanic *skiuhijan (“to dread, to shun”).

According to Bezlaj, possibly overlapping with Proto-Slavic *ťuxati (“to pant, to wail”).

Verb

*čuxati impf (perfective *čuxnǫti)

1. to emit low-pitch noise, to choo
2. to growl, to grouch, to bark (for animal, person)
3. (by extension) to shoo, to drive away

Conjugation

Conjugation of *čuxati, *čuxa, *čuxajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čuxanьje	*čuxati	*čuxatъ	*čuxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čuxanъ	*čuxajemъ
Active	*čuxavъ	*čuxaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuxaxъ	*čuxa	*čuxa	*čuxajǫ	*čuxaješi	*čuxajetь
Dual	*čuxaxově	*čuxasta	*čuxaste	*čuxajevě	*čuxajeta	*čuxajete
Plural	*čuxaxomъ	*čuxaste	*čuxašę	*čuxajemъ	*čuxajete	*čuxajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuxaaxъ	*čuxaaše	*čuxaaše	—	*čuxaji	*čuxaji
Dual	*čuxaaxově	*čuxaašeta	*čuxaašete	*čuxajivě	*čuxajita	—
Plural	*čuxaaxomъ	*čuxaašete	*čuxaaxǫ	*čuxajimъ	*čuxajite	—

Derived terms

• *čuxalъ (“owl”)
  • Bulgarian: чу́хал (čúhal, “scops owl”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to shoo, to drive away”)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: чу́хам (čúham), probably кю́хам (kjúham, “to growl, to bark”) (dialectal)
  • Slovene: čúhati (“to blow, to woo”) (dialectal)

Further reading

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кюхам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 258: от звукоподражателна основа

Etymology 2

From *čuxъ (“feeling, scent”) +‎ *-ati, an s-extension of Proto-Slavic *čuti (“to sense, to hear”).

Traditionally compared by early scholars with Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”), Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) (nowadays commonly derived from unrelated Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”)).

Verb

*čuxati impf (perfective *čuxnǫti)

1. to sense, to smell
2. to comprehend
3. (reflexive) (+ *sę) to feel oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of *čuxati, *čuxa, *čuxajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čuxanьje	*čuxati	*čuxatъ	*čuxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čuxanъ	*čuxajemъ
Active	*čuxavъ	*čuxaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuxaxъ	*čuxa	*čuxa	*čuxajǫ	*čuxaješi	*čuxajetь
Dual	*čuxaxově	*čuxasta	*čuxaste	*čuxajevě	*čuxajeta	*čuxajete
Plural	*čuxaxomъ	*čuxaste	*čuxašę	*čuxajemъ	*čuxajete	*čuxajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuxaaxъ	*čuxaaše	*čuxaaše	—	*čuxaji	*čuxaji
Dual	*čuxaaxově	*čuxaašeta	*čuxaašete	*čuxajivě	*čuxajita	—
Plural	*čuxaaxomъ	*čuxaašete	*čuxaaxǫ	*čuxajimъ	*čuxajite	—

Related terms

• *čujati (“to comprehend”)
• *čuvati (“to hear”)
• *čutiti (“to scent”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to comprehend”), чу́хаться (čúxatʹsja)
• South Slavic:
  • Slovene: čȗhati (“to feel”), čóhati (“to stink”)
• East Slavic:
  • Czech: čichat, čuchat
  • Slovak: čuchať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: czuchać

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чухать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čuxati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 130