Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/divъ
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/Divъ
 |
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic edit
Etymology 1 edit
- Per Derksen: cognate with Sanskrit धी (dhī, “thought, prayer”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyH-wo-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyh₂- (“mind, thought”).
- Per Słownik prasłowiański: deverbal from *diviti, relation with Sanskrit धी is unlikely.
Noun edit
- admiration, delight, astonishment
- Synonym: *čùdo
- that which causes delight; wonder, miracle
- Synonym: *čùdo
Declension edit
Declension of *dȋvъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
Derived terms edit
verbs
- *divovati impf
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: дивъ (divŭ)
- West Slavic:
Etymology 2 edit
Unclear. The material is poorly attested:
- South Slavic forms are probably borrowings from Ottoman Turkish دیو (div), adopted into South Slavic folklore during the Ottoman reign;
- Polish dziw is attested since 1845, probably from East Slavic;
Usually believed to be derived from *divъ (“that which causes delight”). Less likely demonized Early Slavic *Divъ (“sky god”) or *divъ (“god”) during Slavic-Iranian contacts. The demonization was to come under Iranian influence, where the old Iranian deities were demonized as a result of the introduction of Zoroastrianism (compare Sanskrit देव (deva, “god”) vs Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua, “demon”)).
Noun edit
*divъ m (feminine *diva, adjective *divьskъ)[6][5]
- some kind of a demon (supernatural being)
Declension edit
Declension of *divъ (hard o-stem)
Descendants edit
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- >? Polish: dziw
Further reading edit
- В. В. Мартынов (1981) “Балто-славяно-иранские языковые отношения и глоттогенез славян. divъ.”, in Балто-славянские исследования. 1980., Moscow: Nauka, page 22
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to be bright”) + *-ъ.
Adjective edit
*divъ[7]
Declension edit
Indefinite declension of *divъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *divъ | *diva | *divo |
| genitive | *diva | *divy | *diva |
| dative | *divu | *divě | *divu |
| accusative | *divъ | *divǫ | *divo |
| instrumental | *divomь | *divojǫ | *divomь |
| locative | *divě | *divě | *divě |
| vocative | *dive | *divo | *divo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| genitive | *divu | *divu | *divu |
| dative | *divoma | *divama | *divoma |
| accusative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| instrumental | *divoma | *divama | *divoma |
| locative | *divu | *divu | *divu |
| vocative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *divi | *divy | *diva |
| genitive | *divъ | *divъ | *divъ |
| dative | *divomъ | *divamъ | *divomъ |
| accusative | *divy | *divy | *diva |
| instrumental | *divy | *divami | *divy |
| locative | *divěxъ | *divaxъ | *divěxъ |
| vocative | *divi | *divy | *diva |
Definite declension of *divъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *divъjь | *divaja | *divoje |
| genitive | *divajego | *divyję̇ | *divajego |
| dative | *divujemu | *divěji | *divujemu |
| accusative | *divъjь | *divǫjǫ | *divoje |
| instrumental | *divyjimь | *divǫjǫ | *divyjimь |
| locative | *divějemь | *divěji | *divějemь |
| vocative | *divъjь | *divaja | *divoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| genitive | *divuju | *divuju | *divuju |
| dative | *divyjima | *divyjima | *divyjima |
| accusative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| instrumental | *divyjima | *divyjima | *divyjima |
| locative | *divuju | *divuju | *divuju |
| vocative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *diviji | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
| genitive | *divъjixъ | *divъjixъ | *divъjixъ |
| dative | *divyjimъ | *divyjimъ | *divyjimъ |
| accusative | *divyję̇ | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
| instrumental | *divyjimi | *divyjimi | *divyjimi |
| locative | *divyjixъ | *divyjixъ | *divyjixъ |
| vocative | *diviji | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
Derived terms edit
nouns
Related terms edit
adjectives
Descendants edit
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: див огън (div ogǎn, “fire”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- ⇒ Latin script: dívlji oganj, dìvljā vatra
- ⇒ Slovene: dívji
- ⇒ Slovene: dívji mož (“faun, satyr”), dívji ogenj (“fire”)
- West Slavic:
Etymology 4 edit
Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwas (“wild”). By surface analysis, Proto-Indo-European *dʰi- + *-vъ. Cognate Latvian dievs (“wild”).
It was also suggested that the lemma derives from Early Slavic *Divъ (“sky god”) or *divъ (“god”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwás (“god”).[8] According to that theory, Proto-Slavic *divъ zvě̑rь (“wild animal”), Latvian dieva zuosis (“wild geese”), dieva vērši (“wild oxen”) etc., are similar to Hittite [script needed] (šiunaš ḫuitar, “wild animals, literally, godly animals”) from 𒅆𒍑 (ši-uš, “god”).
Adjective edit
- natural, intact, wild
- Synonym: *dikъ
- feral, wild (about animals or plants)
- Synonym: *dikъ
- *divъ zvě̑rь ― wild animal
- *divъ veprь ― wild boar
- *diva svinьja ― wild pig
- *diva koza ― wild goat; roe deer
- *divъ golǫbь ― wild pigeon
- *diva gǫ̑sь ― wild goose
- *diva bьčela ― wild bee
- *divo zelьje ― wild herb
- *divъ mȅdъ ― forest honey
- empty, unpopulated, uncultivated (about land)
- Synonym: *dikъ
- (figuratively) savage, fierce, unrestrained, outrageous, barbarous (about people or behaviour)
- Synonym: *dikъ
Declension edit
Indefinite declension of *divъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *divъ | *diva | *divo |
| genitive | *diva | *divy | *diva |
| dative | *divu | *divě | *divu |
| accusative | *divъ | *divǫ | *divo |
| instrumental | *divomь | *divojǫ | *divomь |
| locative | *divě | *divě | *divě |
| vocative | *dive | *divo | *divo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| genitive | *divu | *divu | *divu |
| dative | *divoma | *divama | *divoma |
| accusative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| instrumental | *divoma | *divama | *divoma |
| locative | *divu | *divu | *divu |
| vocative | *diva | *divě | *divě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *divi | *divy | *diva |
| genitive | *divъ | *divъ | *divъ |
| dative | *divomъ | *divamъ | *divomъ |
| accusative | *divy | *divy | *diva |
| instrumental | *divy | *divami | *divy |
| locative | *divěxъ | *divaxъ | *divěxъ |
| vocative | *divi | *divy | *diva |
Definite declension of *divъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *divъjь | *divaja | *divoje |
| genitive | *divajego | *divyję̇ | *divajego |
| dative | *divujemu | *divěji | *divujemu |
| accusative | *divъjь | *divǫjǫ | *divoje |
| instrumental | *divyjimь | *divǫjǫ | *divyjimь |
| locative | *divějemь | *divěji | *divějemь |
| vocative | *divъjь | *divaja | *divoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| genitive | *divuju | *divuju | *divuju |
| dative | *divyjima | *divyjima | *divyjima |
| accusative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| instrumental | *divyjima | *divyjima | *divyjima |
| locative | *divuju | *divuju | *divuju |
| vocative | *divaja | *divěji | *divěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *diviji | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
| genitive | *divъjixъ | *divъjixъ | *divъjixъ |
| dative | *divyjimъ | *divyjimъ | *divyjimъ |
| accusative | *divyję̇ | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
| instrumental | *divyjimi | *divyjimi | *divyjimi |
| locative | *divyjixъ | *divyjixъ | *divyjixъ |
| vocative | *diviji | *divyję̇ | *divaja |
Derived terms edit
nouns
verbs
adjectives
Related terms edit
nouns
adjectives
Descendants edit
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Etymology 5 edit
Onomatopoeic. Secondarily associated with *diviti. Compare similar Bulgarian джив-джив (dživ-dživ), Macedonian џив-џив (dživ-dživ).
Interjection edit
*divъ[13]
- (West Slavic) tweet, chirp (sound of a sparrow)
Descendants edit
Etymology 6 edit
Expected reflex of Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwás (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *deywós. Displaced by *bȍgъ during Slavic-Iranian contacts (see there for further information).
Noun edit
*dȋvъ m[14]
Inflection edit
Declension of *dȋvъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
References edit
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 2”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 226
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*divъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 35
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “dziw”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 146
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*divъ I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 108
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “diven”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “iz *divъ̏ (ali *dȋvъ) ‛čudež, čudo, demon’”
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 1”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 225
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 3”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 227
- ^ Gołąb, Zbigniew (1975) “Linguistic traces of primitive religious Dualism in Slavic”, in Erlich, Victor, editor, For Wiktor Weintraub. Essays in Polish Literature, Language and History Presented on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday, Mouton, →ISBN, pages 151-159
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*divъ II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 108
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 4”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 228
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “divъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 35
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “divji”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *dívьjь, izpeljano iz *divъ̏ ‛zli duh, demon, čudo’”
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 5”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 231
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “divъ 4”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 231