Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-SlavicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jis, from Proto-Indo-European *ís and Proto-Indo-European *yós. Cognate with Lithuanian jis (“he”).
DeterminerEdit
DeclensionEdit
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jь | *ja | *je |
| Accusative | *jь | *jǫ | *je |
| Genitive | *jego | *jeję | *jego |
| Locative | *jemь | *jejь | *jemь |
| Dative | *jemu | *jejь | *jemu |
| Instrumental | *jimь | *jejǫ | *jimь |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ja | *ji | *ji |
| Accusative | *ja | *ji | *ji |
| Genitive | *jeju | *jeju | *jeju |
| Locative | *jeju | *jeju | *jeju |
| Dative | *jima | *jima | *jima |
| Instrumental | *jima | *jima | *jima |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ji | *ję | *ja |
| Accusative | *ję | *ję | *ja |
| Genitive | *jixъ | *jixъ | *jixъ |
| Locative | *jixъ | *jixъ | *jixъ |
| Dative | *jimъ | *jimъ | *jimъ |
| Instrumental | *jimi | *jimi | *jimi |
In the relative function, *jь was supplemented with *že; see *jь že.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- *jь, *čьjь, *jьnъ, *kъjь, *onъ, *ovъ, *sь, *tъ, *vьśь
- *jakъ, *jьnakъ, *kakъ, *onakъ, *ovakъ, *sicь, *takъ, *vьśakъ
- *koterъ, *jeterъ
Further readingEdit
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jь (že), *ja (že), *je (že)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 8: (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 204
PronounEdit
DeclensionEdit
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jь | *ja | *je |
| Accusative | *jь | *jǫ | *je |
| Genitive | *jego | *jeję | *jego |
| Locative | *jemь | *jejь | *jemь |
| Dative | *jemu | *jejь | *jemu |
| Instrumental | *jimь | *jejǫ | *jimь |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ja | *ji | *ji |
| Accusative | *ja | *ji | *ji |
| Genitive | *jeju | *jeju | *jeju |
| Locative | *jeju | *jeju | *jeju |
| Dative | *jima | *jima | *jima |
| Instrumental | *jima | *jima | *jima |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ji | *ję | *ja |
| Accusative | *ję | *ję | *ja |
| Genitive | *jixъ | *jixъ | *jixъ |
| Locative | *jixъ | *jixъ | *jixъ |
| Dative | *jimъ | *jimъ | *jimъ |
| Instrumental | *jimi | *jimi | *jimi |
Already in Old Church Slavonic, the nominative forms of this pronoun had mostly fallen out of use, and were supplanted by reflexes of *onъ (“that over there”) and *tъ (“this, that”). It's not certain whether this had already happened within Proto-Slavic but it is likely.
Following a preposition, a prothetic n- is attached to the pronoun in many Slavic languages, including Old Church Slavonic. This probably arose through resegmentation of prepositions that originally ended in -n; through the law of open syllables, it became preferable to consider the final consonant as part of the next syllable, so it was shifted onto the pronoun.
DescendantsEdit
In all of the descendants, the forms of this pronoun have become part of a suppletive paradigm, and are combined with a nominative form from an unrelated root. The following lists the nominative form of the paradigms that have incorporated forms of *jь as their non-nominative case forms.
- South Slavic:
Further readingEdit
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jь (že), *ja (že), *je (že)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 8: (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 204
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “он”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*jь(že)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 208: “prn.”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Olander, Thomas (2001), “jь ja je”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “he: cf. Table X (SA 35f., 244; PR 138)”