Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫpati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Unknown. Several explanations are proposed:

• From *kǫpa (“bend, fold”) +‎ *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend”). This etymology assumes the development: “knee bend” > “to bathe or dip in water squatting”
• Related with *čępěti (“to sit in a squat”) with development as above
• Somehow related with Proto-Germanic *habą (“sea”)

Verb

*kǫpàti impf

1. (transitive) to bathe, bath
2. (reflexive with *sę) to take a bath

Inflection

Conjugation of *kǫpati, *kǫpa, *kǫpľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kǫpanьje	*kǫpati	*kǫpatъ	*kǫpalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kǫpanъ	*kǫpľemъ
Active	*kǫpavъ	*kǫpľę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kǫpaxъ	*kǫpa	*kǫpa	*kǫpľǫ	*kǫpľeši	*kǫpľetь
Dual	*kǫpaxově	*kǫpasta	*kǫpaste	*kǫpľevě	*kǫpľeta	*kǫpľete
Plural	*kǫpaxomъ	*kǫpaste	*kǫpašę	*kǫpľemъ	*kǫpľete	*kǫpľǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kǫpaaxъ	*kǫpaaše	*kǫpaaše	—	*kǫpľi	*kǫpľi
Dual	*kǫpaaxově	*kǫpaašeta	*kǫpaašete	*kǫpľivě	*kǫpľita	—
Plural	*kǫpaaxomъ	*kǫpaašete	*kǫpaaxǫ	*kǫpľimъ	*kǫpľite	—

Derived terms

nouns

• *kǫpadlo n (“bathing place”)
• *kǫpanьje n (“bath”)
• *kǫpělь f (“bath”)

 

Related terms

nouns

• *kǫpadlišče n (“bathing place”)
• *kǫpadlьna f (“bath, bathtub”)
• *kǫpava f (“type of plant”)
• *kǫpělišče n (“bathing place”)

 

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: кѫпати (kǫpati)
    • Belarusian: купа́ць (kupácʹ) (dialectal)
    • Russian: купа́ть (kupátʹ)
    • Ukrainian: купа́ти (kupáty)
• South Slavic:
  • ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: покѫпати pf (pokǫpati)
  • Church Slavonic: кѫпати (kǫpati)
  • Bulgarian: къ́пя (kǎ́pja), къ́мпя (kǎ́mpja)
  • Macedonian: капе (kape)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Latin script: kúpati

    Cyrillic script: ку́пати

  • Slovene: kọ́pati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kúpati
    • Czech: koupat
  • Kashubian: kãpac
  • Polabian: kǫ̇păt
  • Old Polish: kąpać, kępać
    • Polish: kąpać, (dated) kępać
  • Slovak: kúpať
  • Slovincian: kãpac
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kupaś
    • Upper Sorbian: kupać, kumpać

References

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “купа́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “къпя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 197
• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “kąpać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 226
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kąpać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 653
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “купати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “kọ́pati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kǫpa̋ti”