Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ravė́ti (“to weed”), 1sg. raviù, Latvian ravêt (“to weed”), Lithuanian ráuti (“to tear out, to pull”), Latvian raût (“to tear, to pull, to take”). Further connections:

• Vasmer: Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “to smash, to crush”), Latin ruere (“to rip, to dig”), rūtrum (“spade”), Ancient Greek ἐρυσίχθων (erusíkhthōn, “raking the ground”), Irish ruam (“spade”) < *roumā. (This root is normally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-.)
• Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rýja (“to tear out wool”), Latin rūta caesa (“minerals already dug up, timber already felled, when an estate is sold”). Derksen seems unwilling to include Vasmer's cognates due to his assumption of a laryngeal in the root, required in his view to account for the acute tone of *rỳti.

Distantly related to English reave etc., from Proto-Germanic *reufaną, from a PIE root extension *Hrewp- of the above root, and with a further extension to Latin rumpō (“to burst”). Not related to English rift etc., from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną.

Verb

*rъvàti impf

1. to tear

Inflection

Conjugation of *rъvati, *rъva, *rъvetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*rъvanьje	*rъvati	*rъvatъ	*rъvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*rъvanъ	*rъvomъ
Active	*rъvavъ	*rъvy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rъvaxъ	*rъva	*rъva	*rъvǫ	*rъveši	*rъvetь
Dual	*rъvaxově	*rъvasta	*rъvaste	*rъvevě	*rъveta	*rъvete
Plural	*rъvaxomъ	*rъvaste	*rъvašę	*rъvemъ	*rъvete	*rъvǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rъvaaxъ	*rъvaaše	*rъvaaše	—	*rъvi	*rъvi
Dual	*rъvaaxově	*rъvaašeta	*rъvaašete	*rъvěvě	*rъvěta	—
Plural	*rъvaaxomъ	*rъvaašete	*rъvaaxǫ	*rъvěmъ	*rъvěte	—

Related terms

• *rỳti (“to dig”)
• *rovъ (“ditch, pitch”)
• *rỳdlo (“spade, snout”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ръвати (rŭvati)
    • Belarusian: рваць (rvacʹ), ірва́ць (irvácʹ)
    • Russian: рвать (rvatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: рва́ти (rváty), ірва́ти (irváty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: ръвати (rŭvati)

  • Bulgarian: ръва́ (rǎvá) (obsolete)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: ръ́фам (rǎ́fam)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: р̀вати, хр̀вати

    Latin script: r̀vati, hr̀vati

  • Slovene: rváti, ruváti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: rvát
  • Polish: rwać
  • Slovak: rvať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: rwać
    • Lower Sorbian: rwaś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “рвать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 100
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рвать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress