Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/velťi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *welk- / *wilk-. Cognate with Lithuanian vil̃kti, 3sg. vel̃ka, 3sg. past vil̃ko and Latvian vìlkt, 1sg. vȩ̀lku. Indo-European background unclear:

• Rix (LIV): From Proto-Indo-European *h₂welk-, cognate with Ancient Greek αὖλαξ (aûlax, “furrow”), Homeric ὦλκα (ôlka, “furrow”, acc. sg.).
• Derksen: LIV-proposed relationship is doubtful.
• Vasmer: From Proto-Indo-European *welk-, cognate with Ancient Greek ἕλκω (hélkō, “to drag”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬐- (var^ək-, “to drag”), 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (frāuuarcaⁱti, “to carry off”), Latin sulcus (“furrow”), Albanian helq, heq (“to pull, to tear off”) < *solkeiō.

Verb

*velťi

1. to drag

Inflection

Conjugation of *velťi, *velče, *velčetь (?, -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*velčenьje	*velťi	*velťь	*velklъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*velčenъ	*velkomъ
Active	*velkъ	*velky

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*velk(ox)ъ	*velče	*velče	*velkǫ	*velčeši	*velčetь
Dual	*velk(ox)ově	*velk(e/os)ta	*velk(e/os)te	*velčevě	*velčeta	*velčete
Plural	*velk(ox)omъ	*velk(e/os)te	*velkǫ, *velkošę	*velčemъ	*velčete	*velkǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*velčaaxъ	*velčaaše	*velčaaše	—	*velci	*velci
Dual	*velčaaxově	*velčaašeta	*velčaašete	*velcěvě	*velcěta	—
Plural	*velčaaxomъ	*velčaašete	*velčaaxǫ	*velcěmъ	*velcěte	—

Notes:
• Aorist *velkeste ⇒ *velčeste, ...

Derived terms

• *velkъ (“drag”)
• *velkačь (“tug”)
• *velčugo (“reptile”) (literally a creature which creeps)
• *obelťi (“to dress up”) < *ob- + *velťi
  • *obelkъdlo (“clothing”) < *ob- + *velkъ + *-dlo
  • *obolka
    • *obolčьka
• *povelťi (“to drag up”) < *po- + *velťi
• *navelťi (“to put up a cloak”) < *na- + *velťi
• *vȏlkъ (“portage? dragnet?”)
• *obolkъ (“cloud”) < *ob- + *vȏlkъ
• *vōlkà (“pasture? measure of area?”)
• *volčiti (“to drag, draw, trail”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: волочи (voloči)
    • Old Ruthenian: волочи (voloči)
      • Belarusian: валачы́ (valačý) (obsolete)
      • Ukrainian: волокти́ (voloktý)
    • Russian: воло́чь (volóčʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: влѣщи (vlěšti)

    Glagolitic script: ⰲⰾⱑⱋⰹ (vlěšti)

    • → Russian: влечь (vlečʹ)
  • Bulgarian: влека́ (vleká)
  • Macedonian: влече (vleče)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ву́ћи

    Latin script: vúći

  • Slovene: vlẹ́či (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: vléci
    • Czech: vléci, vléct
  • Old Polish: wlec
    • Polish: wlec
  • Slovak: vliecť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wlec
    • Lower Sorbian: wlac, lac

Further reading

• Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 514
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “волоку́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 289–290