Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verťi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Alternative reconstructions edit

*vergti (earlier, unassimilated form, as in Derksen, Chernykh, Vasmer)
*vergťi (earlier, partly assimilated form, as in Trubachev)

Etymology edit

Derksen, Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *wergʷ- (Derksen) or *wer(H)gʷ- (Snoj). Possibly cognate (per LIV) with Proto-Germanic *werpaną (“to throw”), presummably from an earlier *werkwaną with assimilation *w-kw > *w-p.
Vasmer (favoured by BER in regard to Bulgarian въргам (vǎrgam)): Related to Sanskrit वर्जति (várjati, “to turn”), Latin vergō (“to bow, to turn”), perhaps from a g-extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer(H)- (“to twist, to turn, to thread”) or *h₂wer- (“to inflict, to subjugate”).

False friend with Lithuanian vérgti (“to enslave”), pavìrgti (“to give up, to submit”).

Verb edit

*vèrťi impf (perfective *vьrgnǫti)^[1]^[2]^[3]

(transitive) to throw, to cast, to fling
Synonyms: *mětati, *kydati
(reflexive) to leap, to jump, to propel oneself energetically

Alternative forms edit

*vьrťi (by generalization of the present stem)

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of *verťi, *verže, *vьržetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*verženьje	*verťi	*verťь	*verglъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*verženъ	*vьrgomъ
Active	*vergъ	*vьrgy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*verg(ox)ъ	*verže	*verže	*vьrgǫ	*vьržeši	*vьržetь
Dual	*verg(ox)ově	*verg(e/os)ta	*verg(e/os)te	*vьrževě	*vьržeta	*vьržete
Plural	*verg(ox)omъ	*verg(e/os)te	vergǫ, vergošę	*vьržemъ	*vьržete	*vьrgǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vьržaaxъ	*vьržaaše	*vьržaaše	—	*vьrdzi	*vьrdzi
Dual	*vьržaaxově	*vьržaašeta	*vьržaašete	*vьrdzěvě	*vьrdzěta	—
Plural	*vьržaaxomъ	*vьržaašete	*vьržaaxǫ	*vьrdzěmъ	*vьrdzěte	—

Aorist *vergeste ⇒ *veržeste, ...

Derived terms edit

From present stem *vьrgǫ:
- *vьrgnǫti pf (inchoative)
- *vьrgati impf (factitive)

Related terms edit

*vorgъ (“gorge, gully; casting of lots”)
- *voržiti (“to shove, to clump”)

Descendants edit

East Slavic:
- Ukrainian: вере́чи (veréčy), ве́ргти (vérhty) (formal variants of ве́рга́ти (vérháty))
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: врѣщи (vrěšti)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⱑⱎⱅⰹ (vrěšti)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: вр̏ћи
  
  Latin script: vȑći
- Slovene: vrẹ́či (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vrci

References edit

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*vergti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 515
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “vergti: vьrgǫ vьržetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a kaste (SA 208; PR 133)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “vrẹ́či”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ve̋rťi, sed. *vь̋rgǫ”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*vergti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 515

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “vergti: vьrgǫ vьržetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a kaste (SA 208; PR 133)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “vrẹ́či”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ve̋rťi, sed. *vь̋rgǫ”

[1]

[2]

[3]