cía
Middle IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish cía, from Proto-Celtic *kʷēs (compare Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.
PronounEdit
cía
- (interrogative) who?
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 3, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
- Tabair dóibsium dib línaib, cumma cía thóetsat imbi.
- Give it to them both, it doesn’t matter who will fall because of it.
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 3, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
DescendantsEdit
MutationEdit
| Middle Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| cía | chía | cía pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further readingEdit
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 cía”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old IrishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Celtic *kʷēs (compare Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.
PronounEdit
cía (feminine cisí, neuter cid, plural citné or cisné) (triggers /h/-prothesis before vowels)
- (interrogative) who? what?
- c. 700, Críth Gablach, published in Críth Gablach (1941, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited by Daniel Anthony Binchy, p. 21, paragraph 40, line 536
- Cía cethrar? Rí ⁊ brithem ⁊ dias i manchuini.
- Who are the four people? A king, judge, and two others in service.
- c. 775, Táin Bó Fraích from the Book of Leinster, published in Táin bó Fraích (1974, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited by Wolfgang Meid, line 299
- As·biurt-sa frie: "Cía lóg rom·bia latt ara fagbáil?" As·bert-si frim-sa dom·bérad seirc mblíadnae dam-sa.
- I said to her, "what reward will I have for finding it?" She said to me that she would give me [her] love in one year.
- c. 700, Críth Gablach, published in Críth Gablach (1941, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited by Daniel Anthony Binchy, p. 21, paragraph 40, line 536
- (indefinite) whoever, whatever
Usage notesEdit
The stressed interrogative pronoun cía and its feminine, neuter, and plural counterparts either take a relative clause describing an action involving the noun to be identified or a substantive indicating whose identity is to be found. No copula is used in the latter case.
Gender disagreement where the gender-inflected forms fail to agree in gender with their predicated noun occurs occasionally (in these cases often defaulting to cía), and in the case of some words like airm f (“place”), it occurs regularly.
DescendantsEdit
DeterminerEdit
cía
AdverbEdit
cía
Etymology 2Edit
Uncertain; possibly from the pronoun (Etymology 1).
ConjunctionEdit
cía (triggers lenition)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:cía.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
MutationEdit
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| cía | chía | cía pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further readingEdit
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 cía ‘who’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “2 cía ‘although’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Rudolf Thurneysen (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 456–57, pages 286–87 (‘who’)
- Rudolf Thurneysen (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 909–10, pages 561–63 (‘although’)
SpanishEdit
VerbEdit
cía