caill

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /kailʲ/
• (Galway) IPA^(key): /kɑːl̠ʲ/
• (Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /kal̠ʲ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldom (compare Welsh coll (“defect, loss”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kold- (“strike, cut”) (compare Old English healtian (“limp”)).

Verb

caill (present analytic cailleann, future analytic caillfidh, verbal noun cailleadh, past participle caillte)

1. lose
2. (euphemistic, in autonomous forms) die

   Synonyms: básaigh, éag, faigh bás, síothlaigh

   Cailleadh sa chogadh é

   He died in the war (literally “He was lost in the war”)

Conjugation

conjugation of caill (first conjugation – A)

verbal noun	cailleadh
past participle	caillte
tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative
present	caillim	cailleann tú; caillir†	cailleann sé, sí	caillimid	cailleann sibh	cailleann siad; caillid†	a chailleann; a chailleas / a gcailleann*	cailltear
past	chaill mé; chailleas	chaill tú; chaillis	chaill sé, sí	chailleamar; chaill muid	chaill sibh; chailleabhair	chaill siad; chailleadar	a chaill / ar chaill*	cailleadh
past habitual	chaillinn / gcaillinn‡‡	chaillteá / gcaillteᇇ	chailleadh sé, sí / gcailleadh sé, s퇇	chaillimis; chailleadh muid / gcaillimis‡‡; gcailleadh muid‡‡	chailleadh sibh / gcailleadh sibh‡‡	chaillidís; chailleadh siad / gcaillidís‡‡; gcailleadh siad‡‡	a chailleadh / a gcailleadh*	chailltí / gcaillt퇇
future	caillfidh mé; caillfead	caillfidh tú; caillfir†	caillfidh sé, sí	caillfimid; caillfidh muid	caillfidh sibh	caillfidh siad; caillfid†	a chaillfidh; a chaillfeas / a gcaillfidh*	caillfear
conditional	chaillfinn / gcaillfinn‡‡	chaillfeá / gcaillfeᇇ	chaillfeadh sé, sí / gcaillfeadh sé, s퇇	chaillfimis; chaillfeadh muid / gcaillfimis‡‡; gcaillfeadh muid‡‡	chaillfeadh sibh / gcaillfeadh sibh‡‡	chaillfidís; chaillfeadh siad / gcaillfidís‡‡; gcaillfeadh siad‡‡	a chaillfeadh / a gcaillfeadh*	chaillfí / gcaillf퇇
subjunctive
present	go gcaille mé; go gcaillead†	go gcaille tú; go gcaillir†	go gcaille sé, sí	go gcaillimid; go gcaille muid	go gcaille sibh	go gcaille siad; go gcaillid†	—	go gcailltear
past	dá gcaillinn	dá gcaillteá	dá gcailleadh sé, sí	dá gcaillimis; dá gcailleadh muid	dá gcailleadh sibh	dá gcaillidís; dá gcailleadh siad	—	dá gcailltí
imperative
–	caillim	caill	cailleadh sé, sí	caillimis	cailligí; caillidh†	caillidís	—	cailltear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Alternative verbal noun: cailliúint

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

caill

1. vocative/genitive singular of call

Mutation

Mutated forms of caill

radical	lenition	eclipsis
caill	chaill	gcaill

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kallī.

Noun

caill f (genitive caille)

1. forest, wood, woodland

Inflection

Feminine ī-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	caillL	caillL	cailliH
vocative	caillL	caillL	cailliH
accusative	caillN	caillL	cailliH
genitive	cailleH	cailleL	cailleN
dative	caillL	caillib	caillib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: coill
• Manx: keyll
• Scottish Gaelic: coille

Mutation

Mutation of caill

radical	lenition	nasalization
caill	chaill	caill pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰaiʎ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kold- (“strike, cut”).

Verb

caill (past chaill, future caillidh, verbal noun call, past participle caillte)

1. lose
2. miss (train, etc.)
3. forfeit
4. (obsolete) name, call
5. (obsolete) emasculate

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin cōleus.

Noun

caill m

1. (anatomy, obsolete) testicle

Mutation

Mutation of caill

radical	lenition
caill	chaill

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh keill, from Proto-Brythonic *köll (compare Breton and Cornish kell), from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kai̯ɬ/
• Rhymes: -ai̯ɬ

Noun

caill f (plural ceilliau)

1. (anatomy) testicle

Derived terms

• ceillgwd

Mutation

Mutated forms of caill

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
caill	gaill	nghaill	chaill

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.