castellanus

English

Etymology

From New Latin castellānus, from Medieval Latin castellum (“castle, fortress”) + -ānus (“-an: forming adj.”), from castrum (“fort”) + -ellum (“-elle: forming diminutives”). Doublet of Castilian, castellano, castellan, and chatelain.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌkæstəˈlɑːnəs/

Noun

castellanus (plural castellani)

1. (meteorology) A cloud species which shows vertical formations giving a crenellated appearance, associated with cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, and stratocumulus genera.
   • 1985 February 14, Dennis Wheeler, “Saharan dust storm over England”, in New Scientist‎^[1], volume 105, number 1443, page 26:

     Turbulent mixing, evidenced by alto-cumulus castellanus cloud over France, also took place en route and carried dust to high altitudes.

   • 1993, Monthly Weather Review - Volume 121, Issues 10-12, page 2709:

     Over France the altocumuli castellani clouds at medium level indicate a very unstable air mass there, because these clouds often develop into thunderstorms.

   • 1998, Stuart H. Walker, The Sailor's Wind‎^[2], page 56:

     But liftoff in warm, moist, unstable air in which condensation is occurring may result in an updraft capped by a towering altocumulus castellanus cloud at 11,000 to 15,000 feet.

   • 2011, Gavin Pretor-Pinney, The Cloud Collector's Handbook‎^[3], page 40:

     When a layer of cloud rises in distinct turrets with bumpy tops that resemble crenellations, it is of the species known as castellanus—and this one can give an early indication of unsettled weather to come later in the day.

2. Alternative form of castellan
   • 1979, Adolf M., Kaegi Hakkert (Walter E.), Byzantinische Forschungen - Volume 6, page 17:

     In addition to the rettori, there were castellani of the fort in the town of Chios and of fourteen other forts in the society's island. The castellanus of the urban fort was chosen by a complicated process of indirect election resembling that which determined the Podestà, and again like him was to be drawn from the popolari of Genoa.

   • 1998, Guillaume IX ((duc d'Aquitaine ;), Ralph Henry Carless Davis, & Marjorie Chibnall, The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers, page xli:

     Castle garrisons are castellani; WP does not use the term oppidani.

   • 2001, Adam J. Kosto, Making Agreements in Medieval Catalonia, →ISBN:

     In these documents conderning the castle of Talarn, however, the term castellanus is applied to both of the bottom two levels of the hierarchy: the texts imply that both Oliver Bernat and Guillem Folc are castellani.

Further reading

• AMS Glossary of Meteorology

Latin

Etymology

castellum +‎ -ānus.

Adjective

castellānus (feminine castellāna, neuter castellānum); first/second-declension adjective

1. of or pertaining to a fort or castle

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	castellānus	castellāna	castellānum		castellānī	castellānae	castellāna
Genitive	castellānī	castellānae	castellānī		castellānōrum	castellānārum	castellānōrum
Dative	castellānō		castellānō		castellānīs
Accusative	castellānum	castellānam	castellānum		castellānōs	castellānās	castellāna
Ablative	castellānō	castellānā	castellānō		castellānīs
Vocative	castellāne	castellāna	castellānum		castellānī	castellānae	castellāna

Descendants

• Catalan: castellà
• Friulian: cjiscjelan
• Italian: castellano
• Occitan: castelan
• Old French: castelain
  • Middle French: chastelain
    • French: châtelain
    • → Middle English: chateleyn
      • → English: chatelain
  • → Middle English: castelain
    • English: castellan
• Old Galician-Portuguese: castelão
  • Galician: castelán
  • Portuguese: castelão
• Romansch: chastlan, chastlaun, chastellan
• Spanish: castellano
  • → Catalan: castellà
  • → English: castellano
  • → French: castillan
  • → Italian: castigliano
    • → Romanian: castilian
  • → Portuguese: castelhano
  • → Romanian: castelan

Noun

castellānus m (genitive castellānī); second declension

1. (usually in plural form) the occupants of a castle

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	castellānus	castellānī
Genitive	castellānī	castellānōrum
Dative	castellānō	castellānīs
Accusative	castellānum	castellānōs
Ablative	castellānō	castellānīs
Vocative	castellāne	castellānī