cerēt

See also: ceret and Ceret

Latvian

Etymology

Originally the iterative (durative) form of *cert, from Proto-Baltic *kerti, from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to cut; to strike”) (whence also cirst “to cut, to chop; to strike, to beat”, q.v.). The semantic evolution went from “to make fire, to burn, to heat” (probably via “to strike (wood, metal, to make) fire;” see ceri “heated stones for sauna, bath,” and also the cognate verb kurt “to make fire”) → “to feel, worry, think fierily, intensely” (probably also influenced by ķert “to catch, to grasp”, another reflex of *ker-) → “to love” (a meaning still attested for cerēt in folklore), and also “to turn one's (full) attention to something” → “to hope (for something).” Note that derived verbs often conserve the older meaning of “turning one's attention (to)”, “thinking:” atcerēties (“to remember”), apcerēt (“to consider, to contemplate”), iecerēt (“to plan, to intend”), sacerēt (“to write, to compose”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tsɛɾɛ̂ːt]

• Audio:

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Verb

cerēt (transitive or intransitive, 3rd conjugation, present ceru, ceri, cer, past cerēju)

1. to hope (to expect and wish for something to happen)

   cerēt uz laimi ― to hope for happiness

   cerēt labāko ― to hope for the best

   ceram drīz saņemt atbildi ― we hope to receive a reply soon

   visi cerēja, ka laiks būs labs ― all hoped that the weather would be good

   brauciens izdevies labāk, neka cerēts ― the trip was more successful than (had been) hoped

   uz to nav ko cerēt ― about that there is nothing to hope for

   daudz gaidīju, daudz cerēju, bet laime mani vīla ― I waited long, I hoped much, but happiness deceived (= eluded) me

   es biju cerējis pavisam ko citu ― I had hoped for something completely different

2. to rely (on someone), to expect (e.g., help, from someone)

   jā, Andra tēvs stipri cerēja uz saviem “bagātiem radiem” ― Yes, Andris' father strongly relied on, hoped for (help from) his “rich family”

Conjugation

Conjugation of cerēt

	indicative (īstenības izteiksme)					imperative (pavēles izteiksme)
		present (tagadne)	past (pagātne)		future (nākotne)
1st person sg	es	ceru	cerēju		cerēšu	—
2nd person sg	tu	ceri	cerēji		cerēsi	ceri
3rd person sg	viņš, viņa	cer	cerēja		cerēs	lai cer
1st person pl	mēs	ceram	cerējām		cerēsim	cerēsim
2nd person pl	jūs	cerat	cerējāt		cerēsiet, cerēsit	ceriet
3rd person pl	viņi, viņas	cer	cerēja		cerēs	lai cer
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme)				participles (divdabji)
present	cerot			present active 1 (adj.)		cerošs
past	esot cerējis			present active 2 (adv.)		cerēdams
future	cerēšot			present active 3 (adv.)		cerot
imperative	lai cerot			present active 4 (obj.)		ceram
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme)				past active		cerējis
present	cerētu			present passive		cerams
past	būtu cerējis			past passive		cerēts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme)				nominal forms
indicative	(būt) jācer			infinitive (nenoteiksme)		cerēt
conjunctive 1	esot jācer			negative infinitive		necerēt
conjunctive 2	jācerot			verbal noun		cerēšana

Derived terms

• apcerēt
• atcerēties
• cerēties
• iecerēt
• sacerēt
• uzcerēt

Related terms

• cerības