See also: ceret and Ceret

Latvian

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Etymology

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Originally the iterative (durative) form of *cert, from Proto-Baltic *kerti, from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (to cut; to strike) (whence also cirst “to cut, to chop; to strike, to beat”, q.v.). The semantic evolution went from “to make fire, to burn, to heat” (probably via “to strike (wood, metal, to make) fire;” see ceri “heated stones for sauna, bath,” and also the cognate verb kurt “to make fire”) → “to feel, worry, think fierily, intensely” (probably also influenced by ķert “to catch, to grasp”, another reflex of *ker-) → “to love” (a meaning still attested for cerēt in folklore), and also “to turn one's (full) attention to something” → “to hope (for something).” Note that derived verbs often conserve the older meaning of “turning one's attention (to)”, “thinking:” atcerēties (to remember), apcerēt (to consider, to contemplate), iecerēt (to plan, to intend), sacerēt (to write, to compose).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [tsɛɾɛ̂ːt]
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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cerēt (transitive or intransitive, 3rd conjugation, present ceru, ceri, cer, past cerēju)

  1. to hope (to expect and wish for something to happen)
    cerēt uz laimito hope for happiness
    cerēt labākoto hope for the best
    ceram drīz saņemt atbildiwe hope to receive a reply soon
    visi cerēja, ka laiks būs labsall hoped that the weather would be good
    brauciens izdevies labāk, neka cerētsthe trip was more successful than (had been) hoped
    uz to nav ko cerētabout that there is nothing to hope for
    daudz gaidīju, daudz cerēju, bet laime mani vīlaI waited long, I hoped much, but happiness deceived (= eluded) me
    es biju cerējis pavisam ko cituI had hoped for something completely different
  2. to rely (on someone), to expect (e.g., help, from someone)
    jā, Andra tēvs stipri cerēja uz saviem “bagātiem radiem”Yes, Andris' father strongly relied on, hoped for (help from) his “rich family”

Conjugation

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Conjugation of cerēt
indicative (īstenības izteiksme) imperative
(pavēles izteiksme)
present
(tagadne)
past
(pagātne)
future
(nākotne)
1st person sg es ceru cerēju cerēšu
2nd person sg tu ceri cerēji cerēsi ceri
3rd person sg viņš, viņa cer cerēja cerēs lai cer
1st person pl mēs ceram cerējām cerēsim cerēsim
2nd person pl jūs cerat cerējāt cerēsiet,
cerēsit
ceriet
3rd person pl viņi, viņas cer cerēja cerēs lai cer
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme) participles (divdabji)
present cerot present active 1 (adj.) cerošs
past esot cerējis present active 2 (adv.) cerēdams
future cerēšot present active 3 (adv.) cerot
imperative lai cerot present active 4 (obj.) ceram
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme) past active cerējis
present cerētu present passive cerams
past būtu cerējis past passive cerēts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme) nominal forms
indicative (būt) jācer infinitive (nenoteiksme) cerēt
conjunctive 1 esot jācer negative infinitive necerēt
conjunctive 2 jācerot verbal noun cerēšana

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “cerēt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN