jūs
Latvian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *jūmus > *jumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).[1]
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editjūs
- you; accusative plural of jūs
jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)
- you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people
- kur jūs, zēni, bijāt? ― where, boys, were you?
- steidzieties, jūs jau gaida! ― hurry up, they are already waiting for you!
- kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis? ― which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?
- esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs ― you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you
- (formal) you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized
- būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs ― to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs
- (Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt ― (Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything
- pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību ― I thank (you) for your help
- Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs? ― Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?
Declension
editRelated terms
editSee also
editsingular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | es | mēs | |
2nd person | familiar | tu | jūs |
polite | jūs | ||
3rd person | m | viņš | viņi |
f | viņa | viņas |
References
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “jūs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”).
Pronoun
editjūs
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | tù | jùdu m, jùdvi f | jū̃s |
genitive | tavę̃s | jùdviejų | jū́sų |
dative | táu | jùdviem | jùms |
accusative | tavè | jùdu m, jùdvi f | jùs |
instrumental | tavimì, tavim̃ | jùdviem | jumìs |
locative | tavyjè, tavỹ | jùdviese | jumysè |
Derived terms
editSee also
editnominative | genitive | dative | accusative | instrumental | locative | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st person | àš | manę̃s | mán | manè | manimi̇̀, manim̃ | manyjè, manỹ | màno | ||
2nd person | tù | tavę̃s | táu | tavè | tavimi̇̀, tavim̃ | tavyjè, tavỹ | tàvo | |||
3rd person | m | ji̇̀s, jisai̇̃ | jõ | jám | jį̇̃ | juõ | jamè | jõ | ||
f | ji̇̀, jinai̇̃ | jõs | jái | ją̃ | jà | jojè | jõs | |||
dual | 1st person | m | mùdu | mùdviejų | mùdviem | mùdu | mùdviem | mùdviese | mùdviejų | |
f | mùdvi | mùdvi | ||||||||
2nd person | m | jùdu | jùdviejų | jùdviem | jùdu | jùdviem | jùdviese | jùdviejų | ||
f | jùdvi | jùdvi | ||||||||
3rd person | m | juõdu, jiẽdu | jų̃dviejų | jõdviem | juõdu | jõdviem | jiẽdviese | jų̃dviejų | ||
f | jiẽdvi | jiẽdvi | ||||||||
plural | 1st person | mẽs | mū́sų | mùms | mùs | mumi̇̀s | mumysè | mū́sų | ||
2nd person | jū̃s | jū́sų | jùms | jùs | jumi̇̀s | jumysè | jū́sų | |||
3rd person | m | jiẽ | jų̃ | ji̇́ems | juõs | jai̇̃s | juosè | jų̃ | ||
f | jõs | jóms | jàs | jomi̇̀s | josè | |||||
reflexive | — | savę̃s | sáu | savè | savimi̇̀, savim̃ | savyjè, savỹ | sàvo |
Old Prussian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”).
Pronoun
editjūs (singular tū)
- you, the second person plural pronoun
Categories:
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian terms with audio pronunciation
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian pronoun forms
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian pronouns
- Latvian personal pronouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian formal terms
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian pronouns
- Lithuanian personal pronouns
- Lithuanian formal terms
- Old Prussian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Prussian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Prussian lemmas
- Old Prussian pronouns