tu
EnglishEdit
ParticleEdit
tu
- Pronunciation spelling of to, representing African-American Vernacular English.
AfarEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tú f
DeclensionEdit
Declension of tú | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | tú | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | tú | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | tú | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | tú | |||||||||||||||||
|
SynonymsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “tu”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
AinuEdit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : tu Ordinal : tu ikinne | ||
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
tu (Kana spelling トゥ)
AlbanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Unknown.
NounEdit
tu ?
AromanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Compare tru.
PrepositionEdit
tu
SynonymsEdit
AsturianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
Atong (India)Edit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
tu (Bengali script তু)
SynonymsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 2.
BambaraEdit
NounEdit
tu
VerbEdit
tu
- to spit (out)
BatuleyEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Indonesian tua.
AdjectiveEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Daigle (2015). Cited in: "Batuley" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Big NambasEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu
- give
- Patu pai ani!
- Give him a yam!.
ReferencesEdit
- Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox
BislamaEdit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : tu | ||
Etymology 1Edit
NumeralEdit
tu
Etymology 2Edit
AdverbEdit
tu
BorôroEdit
VerbEdit
tu
- to go
BretonEdit
NounEdit
tu m
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Catalan tu, from Latin tū.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
DeclensionEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “tu” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
ChilcotinEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Eung-Do Cook (2013) A Tsilhqút'ín Grammar
ChipewyanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Athabaskan [Term?]; cognate with Hän chuu, Ahtna tuu, Deg Xinag te, Navajo tó, Gwich'in chųų, etc.
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Eung-Do Cook (2004) A grammar of Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan), page 350
Coatecas Altas ZapotecEdit
NumeralEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- SIL Zapotec Basic Vocabulary, page 52
CornishEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tu
CzechEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Czech tu, from Proto-Slavic *tu.
AdverbEdit
tu
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronounEdit
tu
Further readingEdit
DrungEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tawŋ.
NumeralEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[2], Santa Barbara: University of California
EweEdit
NounEdit
tu (plural tuwo)
VerbEdit
tu
FalaEdit
DeterminerEdit
tu f sg
- (Lagarteiru) Apocopic form of túa (“your”)
Usage notesEdit
- Used in Lagarteiru before a feminine singular noun as part of a noun phrase.
See alsoEdit
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |||
Possessor | First person | Singular | mei | miña | meis | miñas |
Plural | nosu | nosa | nosus | nosas | ||
Second person | Singular | tei | túa, tu1 | teis | túas, tus1 | |
Plural | vosu | vosa | vosus | vosas | ||
Third person | sei | súa, su1 | seis | súas, sus1 |
- Determiner forms used in Lagarteiru before a noun.
ReferencesEdit
FanagaloEdit
EtymologyEdit
NumeralEdit
tu
FijianEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /ty/
Audio (France) (file) - (Quebec) IPA(key): [t͡sy], [t͡sʏ]
- (Louisiana) IPA(key): [ti], [t͡ʃy]
- Homophones: tue, tues, tuent, tus, tut, tût
- Rhymes: -y
Etymology 1Edit
From Old French tu, from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Cognates with the exact same usage are the Italian tu, as well as du in German or ты in Russian.
PronounEdit
tu (second person informal singular, plural vous, object te, emphatic toi, possessive determiner ton)
Usage notesEdit
- When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered somewhat impolite to say the pronoun moi first, etiquette says it must be the last one, and toi must be said after a third person:
- Rose, toi et moi irons là-bas., “Rose, you and I will go there.”
- "Tu" is used to address one person in an informal situation. Older people tend to exclusively use it with familiar people, and do not use it with unfamiliar adults unless invited to; but younger people use this pronoun much more, using it together in any informal situation, even if they don't know each other. Using "vous" in this context will be seen as old-fashioned and distant.
- "Tu" is not typically used in formal settings such as business meetings and never in court, regardless of the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
- Using "vous" when "tu" would be more appropriate will come across as rigid and awkward; however, using "tu" when "vous" would be more appropriate could come over as deliberate disrespect. For this reason, as a rule of thumb, it is advised to use "vous" if in doubt, as it is "all-encompassing".
- Children are always addressed using "tu" – vous would come over as comical. In elementary, middle, and high schools, teachers address students using "tu", but students address teachers using vous. In higher education usage of vous becomes more common in both directions when in a formal context – though it's not as much of a deal as in, say, a court.
- In formal written communication to any adult, use vous. Not doing so may come over as unprofessional at best, deliberately disrespectful at worst.
As a final note: These come as natural to a person who grew up in a French-speaking country, but not necessarily for outsiders. If you are obviously a foreigner, people will normally be forgiving of such mistakes.
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
- vous (plural form and polite singular form)
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
Etymology 2Edit
ParticipleEdit
tu (feminine tue, masculine plural tus, feminine plural tues)
- past participle of taire
Etymology 3Edit
From t-il.
ParticleEdit
tu
Further readingEdit
- “tu”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
FriulianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
See alsoEdit
GaulishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tū (plural suīs)
InflectionEdit
- Nominative: tū
- Accusative: ti/te
- Dative: toi
ReferencesEdit
- Václav Blažek (2008), “Gaulish Language”, in Sborník prací filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity / Studia minora facultatis philosophicae universitatis brunensis[4], page 59
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu
IbanEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
tu
- this (what is being indicated)
PronounEdit
tu
See alsoEdit
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from English thou, French tu, German du, Italian tu, Spanish tú, Russian ты (ty), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ with + -u.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
InterlinguaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin and common Romance tu.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
InflectionEdit
subject | tu |
---|---|
object | te |
reflexive | te |
possessive | tu, tue |
DeterminerEdit
tu
- (possessive) your
ItalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
Usage notesEdit
- Italian being a pro-drop language, subject pronouns are mostly omitted, both in the written and spoken language, as the inflected verb is conjugated by person. An example would be: Mangi una mela, which is much more common than Tu mangi una mela, where the subject can be inferred from the inflected form mangi ; similarly È carina instead of Lei è carina. The explicit usage of personal pronouns may sound redundant to a native speaker, except when it is used in order to emphasize the subject. (Tu mangi una mela could be interpreted as You are eating an apple and I am not)..
- The second-person pronoun in particular can sound confidential and, in some cases, even impolite.
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Further readingEdit
- tu in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
tu
KalashaEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (2nd-person personal pronoun)
See alsoEdit
Kalo Finnish RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Romani tu, from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
ReferencesEdit
- “tu” in Finnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
Khumi ChinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tu. Cognates include Burmese တူ (tu) and Chinese 錘 (chuí).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[5], Payap University, page 48
LadinoEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (Latin spelling)
See alsoEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tu (Latin spelling)
LatgalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates include Latvian tu and Lithuanian tu.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
DeclensionEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tū (second person singular, possessive adjective tuus)
Usage notesEdit
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
DeclensionEdit
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | |||||
Case / Gender | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |||||
Nominative | ego egō |
tū | — | is | ea | id | nōs | vōs | — | eī iī |
eae | ea | |
Genitive | meī | tuī | suī | eius | nostrī nostrum |
vestrī vestrum |
suī | eōrum | eārum | eōrum | |||
Dative | mihi | tibi | sibi | eī | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi | eīs | |||||
Accusative | mē | tē | sē sēsē |
eum | eam | id | nōs | vōs | sē sēsē |
eōs | eās | ea | |
Ablative | mē | tē | sē sēsē | eō | eā | eō | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē sēsē |
eīs | |||
Vocative | egō | tū | — | nōs | vōs | — |
QuotationsEdit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:tu.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Aromanian: tu
- Corsican: tù
- Dalmatian: te
- Friulian: tu
- Istro-Romanian: tú
- Italian: tu
- Ladin: tu
- Megleno-Romanian: tu
- Mozarabic: ت (tu)
- Navarro-Aragonese: tu
- Aragonese: tu
- Neapolitan: tu
- Old French: tu
- Old Leonese:
- Old Occitan: tu
- Old Portuguese: tu
- Old Spanish: tu
- Romanian: tu
- Romansch: tu, tü
- Shona: tue
- Sicilian: tu
- Venetian: ti
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
ReferencesEdit
- “tu”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “tu”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. The Latvian tevis comes from *tevens, with an -en-increased form showing an additional s by analogy with other genitive plurals. The dative form was originally closer to Old Prussian tebbei; the current form tev has a v due to influence from other declension forms, and the ending was reduced. The accusative tevi comes from *teven, with n by analogy to the accusative form of other words. The locative tevī was formed by analogy with i-stem nouns.[1]
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (personal, 2nd person singular)
- (informal in the singular) you; (dated) thou; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee
- vai tu nāksi man līdzi? ― are you coming with me?
- pieder tautai, tad tauta piederēs tev! ― belong to the people, and then the people will belong to you!
- būt uz tu ar kādu ― to be on intimate terms (lit. to be on thou) with someone
- (in the expression “ak tu...”) used to strengthen the meaning of a word or expression
- "ak tu to skaļo gaiļa rīkli!" māte priecājas ― "oh you loud rooster throat!" mother said happily
- ak tu mūžs! cūka izlauzusies no aizgalda! ― ah (you) life! the pig escaped from the pen!
Usage notesEdit
The dative form tevim is used only optionally, with prepositions.
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “tu”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
LithuanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuˀ (“you”), from Proto-Indo-European *tuH. The oblique stem tav- has been generalized from the Proto-Indo-European genitive *téwe. For a discussion of the case endings, see àš (“I”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tù
- you (singular)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
singular (vienaskaita) | dual (dviskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | reflexive (sangrąžiniai) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||||||||
nominative (vardininkas) |
àš | tù | jìs, jisaĩ |
jì, jinaĩ |
mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu, jiẽdu |
jiẽdvi | mẽs | jū̃s | jiẽ | jõs | - | ||||
genitive (kilmininkas) |
manę̃s | tavę̃s | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | savę̃s | ||||||||
dative (naudininkas) |
mán | táu | jám | jái | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mùms | jùms | jíems | jóms | sáu | |||||||
accusative (galininkas) |
manè | tavè | jį̃ | ją̃ | mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu | jiẽdvi | mùs | jùs | juõs | jàs | savè | ||||
instrumental (įnagininkas) |
manimì, manim̃ | tavimì, tavim̃ | juõ | jà | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mumìs | jumìs | jaĩs | jomìs | savimì, savim̃ | |||||||
locative (vietininkas) |
manyjè, manỹ | tavyjè, tavỹ | jamè | jojè | mùdviese | jùdviese | jiẽdviese | mumysè | jumysè | juosè | josè | savyjè, savỹ | |||||||
possessive (savybiniai) |
màno | tàvo | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | sàvo |
Lower SorbianEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
tu
Lower TananaEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- James Kari (1991) Lower Tanana Athabaskan Listening and Writing Exercises
MalayEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
tu
- (colloquial) that (what is being indicated)
PronounEdit
tu
- (colloquial) that (that thing)
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
tu
- Nonstandard spelling of tū.
- Nonstandard spelling of tú.
- Nonstandard spelling of tǔ.
- Nonstandard spelling of tù.
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Mezquital OtomiEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Otomi *dų, from Proto-Otomian [Term?], from Proto-Oto-Pamean *tõ, from Proto-Oto-Manguean *ti(n).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu (intransitive)
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu
Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu
Middle EnglishEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- Alternative form of þou (“thou”)
MirandeseEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (the second-person singular pronoun)
NeapolitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
Nigerian PidginEdit
Etymology 1Edit
AdverbEdit
tu
Etymology 2Edit
NumeralEdit
tu
North FrisianEdit
PrepositionEdit
tu
- (Mooring) to
- 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
- Gung am tu Sam
Am an Tram;
- Gung am tu Sam
- 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
Northern KurdishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PrepositionEdit
tu
OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Occitan tu, from Latin tū.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *twō, neuter of *twai.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
tū
Old IrishEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- Alternative spelling of tú
MutationEdit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
tu | thu | tu pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- thou, you (singular second person pronoun)
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 149 (facsimile):
- eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida.
- Lady, I beg you, please take me out of this dark prison and let me see your beautiful face in Heaven.
DescendantsEdit
PhaluraEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Sanskrit तुवम् (tuvam, “thou”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling توۡ)
- you (2sg nom subject or direct object)
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[6], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “tu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Old Polish tu, from Proto-Slavic *tu.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
Further readingEdit
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -u
- Hyphenation: tu
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Portuguese tu, from Latin tū (“you”), from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).
PronounEdit
tu
- (informal in Portugal, literary, archaic or regional in Brazil) you; thou (singular second person pronoun)
- Synonyms: (Brazil, formal) o senhor, (formal in Portugal, informal in Brazil) você, (formal, archaic) vossa mercê, (formal, archaic) vosmecê, (formal, obsolete) vossemecê
- (Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) second-person singular prepositional pronoun;
- Ela gosta de tu. ― She's into you.
Usage notesEdit
- Tu has fallen out of use in some regions of Brazil, including most of the Southeast and the Centre-West, where “você” has taken its place. It is still very commonly used in various regions of the country though, such as most of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, parts of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro city and most of the Northeast and North regions. It should be noted that, in Rio de Janeiro, the pronoun is frequently employed interchangeably with você. Despite the media's preference for "você", the usage of "tu" seems to have been gaining ground throughout the last few decades in Rio (see [7], a linguistic research on the topic in Portuguese), being most frequent among younger speakers.
- According to grammars, tu should always take second person singular verbs, as is the case in Portugal and some parts of Brazil. However, in many Brazilian dialects which employ tu, it now takes third person singular verbs, like você.
See alsoEdit
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
Etymology 2Edit
InterjectionEdit
tu
- (onomatopoeia) the sound produced by a telephone after one of the callers hangs up
RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | me | man | manqe | manθe | manθar | mança | miro, -i, -e |
Second | — | tu | tut | tuqe | tuθe | tuθar | tuça | tiro, -i, -e | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pes | pesqe | pesθe | pesθar | peça | pesqero, -i, -e | |
Third | Masculine | ov | les | lesqe | lesθe | lesθar | leça | lesqero, -i, -e | |
Feminine | oj | la | laqe | laθe | laθar | laça | laqero, -i, -e | ||
Plural | First | — | amen | amenqe | amenθe | amenθar | amença | amaro, -i, -e | |
Second | — | tumen | tumenqe | tumenθe | tumenθar | tumença | tumaro, -i, -e | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | pen | penqe | penθe | penθar | pença | penqero, -i, -e | |
Third | — | on | len | lenqe | lenθe | lenθar | lença | lenqero, -i, -e |
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Accusative (long and short forms) | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | me | man, ma | mánge | mánde | mándar | mánsa | múrro m, múrri f, múrre pl |
Second | — | tu | tut, tu | túke | túte | tútar | túsa | tíro m, tíri f, tíre pl | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pês, pe | pêske | pêste | pêstar | pêsa | pêsko m, pêski f, pêske pl | |
Third | Masculine | wo | lês, le | lêske | lêste | lêstar | lêsa | lêsko m, lêski f, lêske pl | |
Feminine | woi | la, la | láke | láte | látar | lása | láko m, láki f, láke pl | ||
Plural | First | — | ame | amên, ame | amênge | amênde | amêndar | amênsa | amáro m, amári f, amáre pl |
Second | — | tume | tumên, tume | tumênge | tumênde | tumêndar | tumênsa | tumáro m, tumári f, tumáre pl | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pên, pe | pênge | pênde | pêndar | pênsa | pêngo m, pêngi f, pênge pl | |
Third | — | won | lên, le | lênge | lênde | lêndar | lênsa | lêngo m, lêngi f, lênge pl |
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular), thou
- Synonyms: (semi-polite form) dumneata, (polite form) dumneavoastră
DeclensionEdit
See alsoEdit
SassareseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
SaviEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you; second-person singular and plural personal pronoun
ReferencesEdit
- Nina Knobloch (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[8], Stockholm University
Scottish GaelicEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- Form of of thu (“thou, you”) used after verb forms ending in -n, -s or -dh.
See alsoEdit
simple | emphatic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | |
First person | mi | sinn | mise | sinne |
Second person | thu, tu1) | sibh | thusa, tusa1) | sibhse |
Third person m | e | iad | esan | iadsan |
Third person f | i | ise | ||
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh. |
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *tu.
AdverbEdit
tȗ (Cyrillic spelling ту̑)
- here (in this place)
- Tu nikad nismo bili. ― We have never been here.
- (proximal) here, over here (in the indicated place nearby)
- Eno ih tu! ― Here they are!
- over here (to, towards this place)
- Dođi tu! ― Come over here!
SynonymsEdit
- (Croatia) tuj
Related termsEdit
SicilianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
InflectionEdit
nominative | tu |
---|---|
prepositional | tia |
object, reflexive | ti |
Sinte RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Romani tu, from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
ReferencesEdit
- “tu” in Sinte Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
SloveneEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
tȕ
- here, in this place
SynonymsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “tu”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
South SlaveyEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- (Jean Marie River) ti
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognates include Navajo tó and Chipewyan tuu.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tu
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
1st person | setué | naxetué |
2nd person | netué | |
3rd person1) | metué | gitué |
3rd person2) | gotué | |
4th person | yetué | |
reflexive | ɂedetué, detué |
kedetué |
reciprocal | — | ɂełetué |
indefinite | ɂetué | |
areal | gotué | |
1) Used for a possessed object when the subject is third person human plural and object is singular. 2) Used when the previous condition doesn't apply. |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
1st person | setú | naxetú |
2nd person | netú | |
3rd person1) | metú | gitú |
3rd person2) | gotú | |
4th person | yetú | |
reflexive | ɂedetú, detú |
kedetú |
reciprocal | — | ɂełetú |
indefinite | ɂetú | |
areal | gotú | |
1) Used for a possessed object when the subject is third person human plural and object is singular. 2) Used when the previous condition doesn't apply. |
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 90
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
tu sg (second person singular possessive of singular, of plural tus)
Usage notesEdit
The forms tu and tus are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of tuyo is used instead:
- Son tus libros. ― They are your books.
- Son los libros tuyos. ― They are your books. (literally, “They are the books of yours.”)
Besides being a pronoun, because tu occurs in a noun phrase and expresses reference, it also grammatically classifies as a determiner (specifically a possessive/genitive determiner).
Related termsEdit
possessor | preposed | postposed or standalone | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
possessee | possessee | ||||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||
First person: | singular: | mi | mis | mío | mía | míos | mías |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | nuestro | nuestra | nuestros | nuestras | ||
Second person (informal): |
singular: | tu | tus | tuyo | tuya | tuyos | tuyas |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | vuestro | vuestra | vuestros | vuestras | ||
Third person: | su | sus | suyo | suya | suyos | suyas |
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “tu”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan TongoEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NumberEdit
tu
Etymology 2Edit
AdverbEdit
tu
SudovianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Compare Lithuanian tù, Latvian tu, Old Prussian tu, tou.[1][2]
PronounEdit
tu
- (second-person singular) you, thou
- “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 2, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985), “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica (in Lithuanian), volume 21, issue 1, page 80: “tu ‘tu, l. ty’ 2.”
- ^ “tù” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. prn. tu du”.
SwahiliEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
AdverbEdit
tu
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse tvau, neuter nominative/accusative of tveir.
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -ʉː
NumeralEdit
tu
Usage notesEdit
- tu was the old neuter of två. Thus, one would say "ett hus" (one house), "tu hus" (two houses). The equivalent for the number three was try or tri, which is likewise archaic.
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- tu in Svensk ordbok.
AnagramsEdit
TanacrossEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Jeff Leer, Proto-Athabaskan verb stem variation (1979), page 83
TausugEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqu.
AdjectiveEdit
tu
- right (not left)
NounEdit
tu
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təlu.
NumeralEdit
tu
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Austronesian *tuduq.
NounEdit
tu
- a drop
VerbEdit
tu (used in the form magtu)
- to drip
TàyEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Tai *tuːᴬ. Cognate with Thai ตู (dtuu), Northern Thai ᨲᩪ, Lao ຕູ (tū), Lü ᦎᦴ (ṫuu), Tai Dam ꪔꪴ, Shan တူ (tǔu), Tai Nüa ᥖᥧ (tu), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū), Zhuang dou.
PronunciationEdit
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [tu˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [tu˦˥]
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][9] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
- Hoàng Văn Ma; Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][10][11] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Tejalapan ZapotecEdit
NumeralEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- SIL Zapotec Basic Vocabulary, page 53
TimbeEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Michael Foster, Timbe grammar sketch - cohesion in Timbe texts (1981, online 2009), page 10
Tocharian AEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Tocharian B tuwe.
PronounEdit
tu
Tok PisinEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NumeralEdit
tu
Usage notesEdit
Used when counting; see also tupela.
Etymology 2Edit
AdverbEdit
tu
Upper KuskokwimEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Raymond L. Collins, Betty Petruska, Dinak'i (our Words): Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan Junior Dictionary (1979)
VietnameseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tu˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [tʊw˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [tʊw˧˧]
Audio (Hà Nội) (file)
Etymology 1Edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 修.
VerbEdit
tu
- (intransitive) to isolate oneself from other people to follow rules in a philosophy or religion
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
tu
- (transitive) to drink directly from a bottle by holding bottle mouth in one's mouth
VolapükEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
tu
- (degree) too, excessively.
Derived termsEdit
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish táeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Breton tu, Cornish tu.
PronunciationEdit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /tɨː/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /tiː/
- Homophone: tŷ; (South Wales) ti
NounEdit
tu m (uncountable)
Derived termsEdit
PrepositionEdit
tu
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
tu | du | nhu | thu |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Welsh RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Romani tu, from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
ReferencesEdit
- “tu” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
YaleEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Carl Campbell, Jody Campbell, Yale Grammar Essentials (1987), page 4