tu
AfarEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tú f
SynonymsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
AinuEdit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : tu Ordinal : tu ikinne | ||
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
tu (Kana spelling トゥ)
AlbanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Unknown.
NounEdit
tu ?
AromanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Compare tru.
PrepositionEdit
tu
SynonymsEdit
AsturianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
Atong (India)Edit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
tu (Bengali script তু)
SynonymsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 2.
BambaraEdit
NounEdit
tu
VerbEdit
tu
- to spit (out)
BatuleyEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Indonesian tua.
AdjectiveEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Daigle (2015). Cited in: "Batuley" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
BislamaEdit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : tu | ||
Etymology 1Edit
NumeralEdit
tu
Etymology 2Edit
AdverbEdit
tu
BorôroEdit
VerbEdit
tu
- to go
BretonEdit
NounEdit
tu m
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Occitan tu, from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
DeclensionEdit
See alsoEdit
ChilcotinEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Eung-Do Cook (2013) A Tsilhqút'ín Grammar
ChipewyanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Athabaskan [Term?]; cognate with Hän chuu, Ahtna tuu, Deg Xinag te, Navajo tó, Gwich'in chųų, etc.
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Eung-Do Cook (2004) A grammar of Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan), page 350
Coatecas Altas ZapotecEdit
NumeralEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- SIL Zapotec Basic Vocabulary, page 52
CornishEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tu
CzechEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
tu
PronounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- tu in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- tu in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
EweEdit
NounEdit
tu (plural tuwo)
VerbEdit
tu
FanagaloEdit
EtymologyEdit
NumeralEdit
tu
FijianEdit
VerbEdit
tu
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /ty/
Audio (France) (file) - (Quebec) IPA(key): [t͡sy]
- (Louisiana) IPA(key): [ti], [t͡ʃy]
- Homophones: tue, tues, tuent, tus, tut, tût
- Rhymes: -y
Etymology 1Edit
From Old French tu, from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu (second person informal singular, possessive determiner ton)
Usage notesEdit
- When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun moi first, it must be the last one, and toi must be said after a third person:
- Rose, toi et moi irons là-bas., “Rose, you and I will go there.”
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
- vous (plural form and polite singular form)
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
tu m (feminine singular tue, masculine plural tus, feminine plural tues)
- past participle of taire
Etymology 3Edit
From t-il.
ParticleEdit
tu
- (Quebec, informal) question marker
- C'est-tu possible ?
- Is it possible?
Further readingEdit
- “tu” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
AnagramsEdit
FriulianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
See alsoEdit
GaulishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tū
InflectionEdit
Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | tū | suīs |
Accusative | te | suīs |
Genitive | tou | suesron |
Dative | toi | umē |
Ablative | te | ume |
Instrumental | toi | ? |
Locative | toi | umē |
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from English thou, French tu, German du, Italian tu, Spanish tú, Russian ты (ty), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ with + -u.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Pangender | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
InterlinguaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin and common Romance tu.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
InflectionEdit
subject | tu |
---|---|
object | te |
reflexive | te |
possessive | tu, tue |
DeterminerEdit
tu
- (possessive) your
ItalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
Usage notesEdit
- Italians avoid expressing personal pronouns both in written and spoken language, preferring to use just the inflected verb (an example would be: Am going for a walk, way more common than I am going for a walk; Is good-looking instead of She is good-looking). The explicit usage of personal pronouns may sound redundant to a native speaker, except when the purpose of the sentence is to specify the subject or the object (He is the one I was talking about).
- The second-person pronoun in particular can sound confidential and, in some cases, even impolite.
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
tu
KalashaEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (2nd-person personal pronoun)
See alsoEdit
Kalo Finnish RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Romani tu, from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
ReferencesEdit
- “tu” in Finnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
Khumi ChinEdit
EtymologyEdit
No doubt from Proto-Sino-Tibetan [Term?] (“hammer”). Compare Burmese တူ (tu), Tibetan ཐོ་བ (tho ba) and Chinese 錘 (chuí).
NounEdit
tu
LadinoEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (Latin spelling)
See alsoEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tu ? (Latin spelling)
LatgalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂, *tū, *tu. Akin to Latvian tu.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
DeclensionEdit
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū. Cognates include Ancient Greek σύ (sú), Russian ты (ty), Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), Old English þū (whence English thou), Old Persian 𐎬𐎺𐎶 (tu-v-m /tuvam/).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tū (second person singular, possessive adjective tuus)
Usage notesEdit
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
DeclensionEdit
1st and 2nd person personal pronouns declension together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns.
is, ea, id (“he, she, it”) is not included here.
Singular | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ego/egō | tū | — |
genitive | meī | tuī | suī |
dative | mihi/mihī, mī | tibi | sibi |
accusative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
ablative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
vocative | egō | tū | — |
possessive | meus | tuus | suus |
Plural | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
nominative | nōs | vōs | — |
genitive | nostrī, nostrum | vestrī, vestrum | suī |
dative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi |
accusative | nōs | vōs | sē, sēsē |
ablative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē, sēsē |
vocative | nōs | vōs | — |
possessive | noster | vester, voster | suus |
QuotationsEdit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:tu.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Aromanian: tu
- Corsican: tù
- Dalmatian: te
- Friulian: tu
- Istro-Romanian: tú
- Italian: tu
- Ladin: tu
- Megleno-Romanian: tu
- Mozarabic: طو (tu)
- Navarro-Aragonese: tu
- Aragonese: tu
- Neapolitan: tu
- Old French: tu
- Old Leonese:
- Old Occitan: tu
- Old Portuguese: tu
- Old Spanish: tu
- Romanian: tu
- Romansch: tu, tü
- Shona: tue
- Sicilian: tu
- Venetian: ti
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
ReferencesEdit
- tu in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- tu in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂, *tū, *tu, genitive *tewe, dative *toy, *tebʰ(y)e, accusative *t(w)e. The Latvian tevis comes from *tevens, with an -en-increased form showing an additional s by analogy with other genitive plurals. The dative form was originally closer to Old Prussian tebbei; the current form tev has a v due to influence from other declension forms, and the ending was reduced. The accusative tevi comes from *teven, with n by analogy to the accusative form of other words. The locative tevī was formed by analogy with i-stem nouns. Cognates include Lithuanian tù, Old Prussian tū, thu, toū, thou, tau, Sudovian tu, Old Church Slavonic, Belarusian, Russian ты (ty), Ukrainian, Bulgarian ти (ti), Czech, Polish ty, Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þū), Old High German þū, Old Norse þú, Old English þū, German du, English thou, Old Irish tú, Hittite [Term?] (/zik/), [Term?] (/zikka/) (from [Term?] (/*tega/), from [Term?] (/*te/) + [Term?] (/*egō/)), [Term?] (/-du-/, “to you”) (from [Term?] (/*tu/)), Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), Avestan 𐬙𐬏 (tū), (Doric) Ancient Greek τύ (tú), (Ionic) σύ (sú), Latin tū, Tocharian A tu, Tocharian B twe, tuwe, Ossetian ду (du), ды (dy).[1]
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (personal, 2nd person singular)
- (informal in the singular) you; (dated) thou; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee
- vai tu nāksi man līdzi? ― are you coming with me?
- pieder tautai, tad tauta piederēs tev! ― belong to the people, and then the people will belong to you!
- būt uz tu ar kādu ― to be on intimate terms (lit. to be on thou) with someone
- (in the expression “ak tu...”) used to strengthen the meaning of a word or expression
- "ak tu to skaļo gaiļa rīkli!" māte priecājas ― "oh you loud rooster throat!" mother said happily
- ak tu mūžs! cūka izlauzusies no aizgalda! ― ah (you) life! the pig escaped from the pen!
Usage notesEdit
The form tavs is a possessive pronoun ('your'), while tevis is a true genitive form ('of you'). The dative form tevim is used only optionally, with prepositions.
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) , “tu”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
LithuanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuˀ (“you”), from Proto-Indo-European *tuH; compare Ancient Greek σύ (sú), Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), Proto-Germanic *þū. The oblique stem tav- has been generalized from the Proto-Indo-European genitive *téwe; compare (Doric) Ancient Greek τέος (téos) < *tewos, Sanskrit तव (tava). For a discussion of the case endings, see àš (“I”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tù
- you (singular)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
singular (vienaskaita) | dual (dviskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | reflexive (sangrąžiniai) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||||||||
nominative (vardininkas) |
àš | tù | jìs, jisaĩ |
jì, jinaĩ |
mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu, jiẽdu |
jiẽdvi | mẽs | jū̃s | jiẽ | jõs | - | ||||
genitive (kilmininkas) |
manę̃s | tavę̃s | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | savę̃s | ||||||||
dative (naudininkas) |
mán | táu | jám | jái | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mùms | jùms | jíems | jóms | sáu | |||||||
accusative (galininkas) |
manè | tavè | jį̃ | ją̃ | mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu | jiẽdvi | mùs | jùs | juõs | jàs | savè | ||||
instrumental (įnagininkas) |
manimì, manim̃ | tavimì, tavim̃ | juõ | jà | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mumìs | jumìs | jaĩs | jomìs | savimì, savim̃ | |||||||
locative (vietininkas) |
manyjè, manỹ | tavyjè, tavỹ | jamè | jojè | mùdviese | jùdviese | jiẽdviese | mumysè | jumysè | juosè | josè | savyjè, savỹ | |||||||
possessive (savybiniai) |
màno | tàvo | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | sàvo |
Lower SorbianEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
tu
Lower TananaEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- James Kari (1991) Lower Tanana Athabaskan Listening and Writing Exercises
MalayEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
tu
- that (what is being indicated)
PronounEdit
tu
- that (that thing)
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
tu
- Nonstandard spelling of tū.
- Nonstandard spelling of tú.
- Nonstandard spelling of tǔ.
- Nonstandard spelling of tù.
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Mezquital OtomiEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Otomi *dų, from Proto-Otomian [Term?], from Proto-Oto-Pamean *tõ, from Proto-Oto-Manguean *ti(n).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu (intransitive)
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu
Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tu
Middle EnglishEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- Alternative form of þou (“thou”)
MirandeseEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (the second-person singular pronoun)
NeapolitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
Nigerian PidginEdit
Etymology 1Edit
AdverbEdit
tu
Etymology 2Edit
NumeralEdit
tu
North FrisianEdit
PrepositionEdit
tu
- (Mooring Dialect) to
- 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
- Gung am tu Sam
Am an Tram;
- Gung am tu Sam
- 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
Northern KurdishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Compare Persian تو (to), Pashto ته (tə), Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬨 (tūm).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
NovialEdit
ParticleEdit
tu
Usage notesEdit
- Put in front of a verb to make it infinitive.
PronounEdit
tu (accusative tum)
- (demonstrative) that (which is genderless)
Related termsEdit
OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Occitan tu, from Latin tū.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *twō, neuter of *twai.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
tū
Old IrishEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- Alternative spelling of tú
MutationEdit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
tu | thu | tu pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- thou, you (singular second person pronoun)
- 13th century C.E., Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, , E codex, cantiga 149 (facsimile):
- eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida.
- Lady, I beg you, please take me out of this dark prison and let me see your beautiful face in Heaven.
DescendantsEdit
PhaluraEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Sanskrit तुवम् (tuvam, “thou”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling توۡ)
- you (2sg nom subject or direct object)
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) , “(5889)”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *tu.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- tu in Polish dictionaries at PWN
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Portuguese tu, from Latin tū (“you”), from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular, masculine possessive adjective teu, feminine possessive adjective tua)
- (informal in Portugal, literary, archaic or regional in Brazil) you; thou (singular second person pronoun)
- Synonyms: o senhor (Brazil, formal), você (formal in Portugal, informal in Brazil), vossa mercê (formal, archaic), vosmecê (formal, archaic), vossemecê (formal, obsolete)
- (Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) second-person singular prepositional pronoun;
- Ela gosta de tu. ― She's into you.
Usage notesEdit
- Tu has fallen out of use in some regions of Brazil, including most of the Southeast and the Center-West, where “você” has taken its place. It is still very commonly used in various regions of the country though, such as most of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, parts of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro city and most of the Northeast and North regions. It should be noted that, in Rio de Janeiro, the pronoun is frequently employed interchangeably with você. Despite the media's preference for "você", the usage of "tu" seems to have been gaining ground throughout the last few decades in Rio (see [3], a linguistic research on the topic in Portuguese), being most frequent among younger speakers.
- According to grammars, tu should always take second person singular verbs, as is the case in Portugal and some parts of Brazil. However, in many Brazilian dialects which employ tu, it now takes third person singular verbs, like você.
See alsoEdit
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
Etymology 2Edit
InterjectionEdit
tu
- (onomatopoeia) the sound produced by a telephone after one of the callers hangs up
RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | me | man | manqe | manθe | manθar | mança |
Second | — | tu | tut | tuqe | tuθe | tuθar | tuça | |
Third | Masculine | vov | les | lesqe | lesθe | lesθar | leça | |
Feminine | voj | la | laqe | laθe | laθar | laça | ||
Plural | First | — | ame | amen | amenqe | amenθe | amenθar | amença |
Second | — | tume | tumen | tumenqe | tumenθe | tumenθar | tumença | |
Third | — | von | len | lenqe | lenθe | lenθar | lença |
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular), thou
- Synonyms: dumneata (semi-polite form), dumneavoastră (polite form)
DeclensionEdit
See alsoEdit
SaviEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
tu
- you; second-person singular and plural personal pronoun
ReferencesEdit
- Nina Knobloch (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[4], Stockholm University
Scottish GaelicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish tú, from Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu
Usage notesEdit
- The more usual form today is thu, while tu is the form used in certain constructions, for instance in the conditional tense.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *tu.
AdverbEdit
tȗ (Cyrillic spelling ту̑)
- here (in this place)
- Tu nikad nismo bili. ― We have never been here.
- (proximal) here, over here (in the indicated place nearby)
- Eno ih tu! ― Here they are!
- over here (to, towards this place)
- Dođi tu! ― Come over here!
SynonymsEdit
- (Croatia) tuj
Related termsEdit
SicilianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
tu (second person singular)
InflectionEdit
nominative | tu |
---|---|
prepositional | tia |
object, reflexive | ti |
Sinte RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Romani tu, from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
ReferencesEdit
- “tu” in Sinte Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
SloveneEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
tȕ
- here, in this place
SynonymsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “tu”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
South SlaveyEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- (Jean Marie River) ti
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.[1] Cognates include Navajo tó and Chipewyan tuu.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tu (second person singular possessive of singular, of plural tus)
Usage notesEdit
The forms tu and tus are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of tuyo is used instead:
- Son tus libros. ― [They] are your books.
- Son los libros tuyos. ― [They] are your books.(“...the books of yours.”)
Besides being a pronoun, because tu occurs in a noun phrase and expresses reference, it also grammatically classifies as a determiner (specifically a possessive/genitive determiner).
Related termsEdit
possessor | preposed | postposed or standalone | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
possessee | possessee | ||||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||
First person: | singular: | mi | mis | mío | mía | míos | mías |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | nuestro | nuestra | nuestros | nuestras | ||
Second person (informal): |
singular: | tu | tus | tuyo | tuya | tuyos | tuyas |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | vuestro | vuestra | vuestros | vuestras | ||
Third person: | su | sus | suyo | suya | suyos | suyas |
See alsoEdit
Sranan TongoEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NumberEdit
tu
Etymology 2Edit
AdverbEdit
tu
SwahiliEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
AdverbEdit
tu
SwedishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -ʉː
NumeralEdit
tu
Related termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
TanacrossEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Jeff Leer, Proto-Athabaskan verb stem variation (1979), page 83
Tejalapan ZapotecEdit
NumeralEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- SIL Zapotec Basic Vocabulary, page 53
TimbeEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Michael Foster, Timbe grammar sketch - cohesion in Timbe texts (1981, online 2009), page 10
Tocharian AEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Tocharian B tuwe.
PronounEdit
tu
Tok PisinEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NumeralEdit
tu
Usage notesEdit
Used when counting; see also tupela.
Etymology 2Edit
AdverbEdit
tu
Upper KuskokwimEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Raymond L. Collins, Betty Petruska, Dinak'i (our Words): Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan Junior Dictionary (1979)
VietnameseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 修.
VerbEdit
tu
- (intransitive) to isolate oneself from other people to follow rules in a philosophy or religion
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
tu
- (transitive) to drink directly from a bottle by holding bottle mouth in one's mouth
VolapükEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
tu
- (degree) too, excessively.
Derived termsEdit
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish táeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Breton tu, Cornish tu.
PronunciationEdit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /tɨː/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /tiː/
- Homophone: tŷ; (South Wales) ti
NounEdit
tu m (uncountable)
Derived termsEdit
PrepositionEdit
tu
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
tu | du | nhu | thu |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “tu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Welsh RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Romani tu, from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
PronounEdit
tu
- you (singular)
ReferencesEdit
- “tu” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
YaleEdit
NounEdit
tu
ReferencesEdit
- Carl Campbell, Jody Campbell, Yale Grammar Essentials (1987), page 4