fonkelen
Dutch
editAlternative forms
edit- vonkelen (now less common)
Etymology
editLater 18th century, equivalent to vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix). A singularly attested Middle Dutch voncklen (15th c.) seems to have had no continuation. The comparatively late Dutch attestations (some of which in German-influenced texts) make a calque of German funkeln likely. The f- may also be due to the same reason, although this is not certain as the v-form is the older one in Dutch.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editfonkelen
- (intransitive) to twinkle, sparkle
Inflection
editConjugation of fonkelen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | fonkelen | |||
past singular | fonkelde | |||
past participle | gefonkeld | |||
infinitive | fonkelen | |||
gerund | fonkelen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | fonkel | fonkelde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | fonkelt, fonkel2 | fonkelde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | fonkelt | fonkelde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | fonkelt | fonkelde | ||
3rd person singular | fonkelt | fonkelde | ||
plural | fonkelen | fonkelden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | fonkele | fonkelde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | fonkelen | fonkelden | ||
imperative sing. | fonkel | |||
imperative plur.1 | fonkelt | |||
participles | fonkelend | gefonkeld | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Related terms
editLuxembourgish
editVerb
editfonkelen (third-person singular present fonkelt, past participle gefonkelt, auxiliary verb hunn)
- to sparkle
Conjugation
editRegular | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | fonkelen | |
participle | gefonkelt | |
auxiliary | hunn | |
present indicative |
imperative | |
1st singular | fonkelen | — |
2nd singular | fonkels | fonkel |
3rd singular | fonkelt | — |
1st plural | fonkelen | — |
2nd plural | fonkelt | fonkelt |
3rd plural | fonkelen | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Categories:
- Dutch terms suffixed with -elen
- Dutch terms calqued from German
- Dutch terms derived from German
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔŋkələn
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔŋkələn/3 syllables
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch intransitive verbs
- Dutch weak verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish verbs
- Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary