foss
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
See fosse.
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /fɑs/, /fɔs/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /fɒs/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
Noun edit
foss (plural fosses)
- Alternative spelling of fosse
Etymology 2 edit
From Icelandic or Norwegian foss, both from Old Norse fors (“waterfall”). Doublet of force ("waterfall").
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /fɔs/
Noun edit
foss (plural fosses)
- (Northern England) A waterfall.
- 2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 101:
- Another of his flock was spotted garrotted, one found twisted and drowned at the bottom of a foss and a third split cleanly from scut to teeth.
Faroese edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
foss
Hungarian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
foss
Icelandic edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
foss m (genitive singular foss, nominative plural fossar)
- a waterfall (permanent flow of water over the edge of a cliff)
Declension edit
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Danish fos, revived through Norwegian foss, from Old Norse foss, fors, from Proto-Germanic *fursaz.
Noun edit
foss m (definite singular fossen, indefinite plural fosser, definite plural fossene)
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- fosse (verb)
References edit
- “foss” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse fors, foss, from Proto-Germanic *fursaz.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
foss m (definite singular fossen, indefinite plural fossar, definite plural fossane)
Derived terms edit
- fossa (verb)
References edit
Old Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Celtic *uɸostos, from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós, from *upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”).[1][2] Cognate to Welsh gwas (“servant”).
Noun edit
foss m (genitive foiss)
Inflection edit
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | foss | fossL | foissL |
Vocative | foiss | fossL | fossuH |
Accusative | fossN | fossL | fossuH |
Genitive | foissL | foss | fossN |
Dative | fossL | fossaib | fossaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Celtic *wostos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”). Cognate to Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”).[3]
Noun edit
foss m (genitive foiss)
- rest, halt, the state of not being in motion
- perseverance
Inflection edit
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | foss | fossL | foissL |
Vocative | foiss | fossL | fossuH |
Accusative | fossN | fossL | fossuH |
Genitive | foissL | foss | fossN |
Dative | fossL | fossaib | fossaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants edit
- Irish: fos
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
foss | ḟoss | foss pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “uassos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 307
- ^ Uhlich, Jurgen (2002) “Verbal governing compounds (synthetics) in Early Irish and other Celtic languages”, in Transactions of the Philological Society, volume 100, number 3, Wiley, , →ISSN, pages 403–433
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 121
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 foss, fos 'man-servant'”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 foss 'rest'”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language