gjóta
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse gjóta, from Proto-Germanic *geutaną. Cognate with Swedish gjuta, Norwegian Bokmål and Nynorsk gyte, Danish gyde, Old English ġēotan, Dutch gieten.
Verb edit
gjóta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative gaut, third-person plural past indicative gutu, supine gotið)
- (transitive, with dative) to spawn, to give birth to
Conjugation edit
gjóta — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að gjóta | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
gotið | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
gjótandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég gýt | við gjótum | present (nútíð) |
ég gjóti | við gjótum |
| þú gýtur | þið gjótið | þú gjótir | þið gjótið | ||
| hann, hún, það gýtur | þeir, þær, þau gjóta | hann, hún, það gjóti | þeir, þær, þau gjóti | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég gaut | við gutum | past (þátíð) |
ég gyti | við gytum |
| þú gaust | þið gutuð | þú gytir | þið gytuð | ||
| hann, hún, það gaut | þeir, þær, þau gutu | hann, hún, það gyti | þeir, þær, þau gytu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
gjót (þú) | gjótið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| gjóttu | gjótiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
gotinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
gotinn | gotin | gotið | gotnir | gotnar | gotin | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
gotinn | gotna | gotið | gotna | gotnar | gotin | |
| dative (þágufall) |
gotnum | gotinni | gotnu | gotnum | gotnum | gotnum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
gotins | gotinnar | gotins | gotinna | gotinna | gotinna | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
gotni | gotna | gotna | gotnu | gotnu | gotnu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
gotna | gotnu | gotna | gotnu | gotnu | gotnu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
gotna | gotnu | gotna | gotnu | gotnu | gotnu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
gotna | gotnu | gotna | gotnu | gotnu | gotnu | |
Synonyms edit
- (to give birth to): ala
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
gjóta f (genitive singular gjótu, nominative plural gjótur)
Declension edit
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Germanic *geutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”).
Verb edit
gjóta (singular past indicative gaut, plural past indicative gutu, past participle gotinn)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of gjóta — active (strong class 2)
| infinitive | gjóta | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | gjótandi | |
| past participle | gotinn | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | gýt | gaus |
| 2nd-person singular | gýtr | gauzt |
| 3rd-person singular | gýtr | gaus |
| 1st-person plural | gjótum | gutum |
| 2nd-person plural | gjótið | gutuð |
| 3rd-person plural | gjóta | gutu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | gjóta | gyta |
| 2nd-person singular | gjótir | gytir |
| 3rd-person singular | gjóti | gyti |
| 1st-person plural | gjótim | gytim |
| 2nd-person plural | gjótið | gytið |
| 3rd-person plural | gjóti | gyti |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | gjót | |
| 1st-person plural | gjótum | |
| 2nd-person plural | gjótið | |
Conjugation of gjóta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
| infinitive | gjótask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | gjótandisk | |
| past participle | gotizk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | gjótumk | gutumk |
| 2nd-person singular | gýzk | gauzk |
| 3rd-person singular | gýzk | gauzk |
| 1st-person plural | gjótumsk | gutumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | gjótizk | gutuzk |
| 3rd-person plural | gjótask | gutusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | gjótumk | gytumk |
| 2nd-person singular | gjótisk | gytisk |
| 3rd-person singular | gjótisk | gytisk |
| 1st-person plural | gjótimsk | gytimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | gjótizk | gytizk |
| 3rd-person plural | gjótisk | gytisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | gýzk | |
| 1st-person plural | gjótumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | gjótizk | |
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: gjóta
- Faroese: gýta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gjota, gyta
- Dalian:
- Old Swedish: giūta
- Swedish: gjuta
- Danish: gyde
- Norwegian Bokmål: gyte
- Gutnish: giauta
References edit
- gjóta in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.