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ala

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ala"

Contents

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Originated 1730–40, borrowed from Latin āla (“wing”).

NounEdit

ala (plural alae or alæ)

  1. (zoology) A wing or winglike structure.
  2. (anatomy) A winglike anatomical process or part, especially of bone.
  3. (botany) The flattened border of some stems, fruits, and seeds, or one of the two side petals of certain flowers in the pea family.
  4. (architecture) In ancient Rome, a small room opening into a larger room or courtyard.

ReferencesEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from French à la, by way of its English derivation a la.

PrepositionEdit

ala

  1. (colloquial) Alternative form of a la

ReferencesEdit

AnagramsEdit

AsturianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin āla (“wing”).

NounEdit

ala f (plural ales)

  1. wing
  2. fin

SynonymsEdit

BasqueEdit

ConjunctionEdit

ala

  1. or (exclusive)

Related termsEdit

CatalanEdit

PronunciationEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Provençal, from Latin āla (“wing”).

NounEdit

ala f (plural ales)

  1. wing

ChickasawEdit

VerbEdit

ala

  1. To be born

SynonymsEdit

EstonianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *ala.

NounEdit

ala (genitive ala, partitive ala)

  1. area, region
  2. territory
  3. (in working life, in sciences) field
  4. (business) branch

DeclensionEdit

Inflection of ala (ÕS type 17u/sõna, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative ala alad
accusative ala alad
genitive ala alade
partitive ala alu
alasid
illative alla
alasse		 aladesse
alusse
inessive alas alades
alus
elative alast aladest
alust
allative alale aladele
alule
adessive alal aladel
alul
ablative alalt aladelt
alult
translative alaks aladeks
aluks
terminative alani aladeni
essive alana aladena
abessive alata aladeta
comitative alaga aladega

FaroeseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to grow”).

VerbEdit

ala (third person singular past indicative ól, third person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

  1. (kvæði) to give birth to
  2. to foster
  3. to nourish
  4. to breed

ConjugationEdit

   Conjugation of ala
v-58
infinitive ala
present participle alandi
past participle a26 alin
supine alið
number singular plural
person first second third all
indicative eg tú hann/hon/tað vit, tit, teir/tær/tey, tygum
present ali elur elur ala
past ól ól(st) ól ólu
imperative – tú – tit
present — al! — alið!

FinnishEdit

(index al)

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Finnic *ala.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala

  1. area of work or study
  2. (in working life, in sciences) field
  3. branch or sector (of business, studies, etc.)
  4. (mathematics) area of a surface
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of ala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative ala alat
genitive alan alojen
partitive alaa aloja
illative alaan aloihin
singular plural
nominative ala alat
accusative nom. ala alat
gen. alan
genitive alan alojen
alainrare
partitive alaa aloja
inessive alassa aloissa
elative alasta aloista
illative alaan aloihin
adessive alalla aloilla
ablative alalta aloilta
allative alalle aloille
essive alana aloina
translative alaksi aloiksi
instructive — aloin
abessive alatta aloitta
comitative — aloineen
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
compounds

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑlɑˣ/
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

VerbEdit

ala

  1. Indicative present connegative form of alkaa.
  2. Second-person singular imperative present form of alkaa.
  3. Second-person singular imperative present connegative form of alkaa.

GalicianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin āla. Compare the inherited á.

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing

SynonymsEdit

HawaiianEdit

HoyahoyaEdit

NounEdit

ala

  1. grandfather

ReferenceEdit

IcelandicEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to grow”).

VerbEdit

ala (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative ól, third-person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

  1. (with accusative) to bear, to give birth to
  2. (with accusative) to foster
  3. (with accusative) to feed, to nourish
ConjugationEdit
ala — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur)		 að ala
supine
(sagnbót)		 alið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		 alandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur)		 subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð)		 ég el við ölum present
(nútíð)		 ég ali við ölum
þú elur þið alið þú alir þið alið
hann, hún, það elur þeir, þær, þau ala hann, hún, það ali þeir, þær, þau ali
past
(þátíð)		 ég ól við ólum past
(þátíð)		 ég æli við ælum
þú ólst þið óluð þú ælir þið æluð
hann, hún, það ól þeir, þær, þau ólu hann, hún, það æli þeir, þær, þau ælu
imperative
(boðháttur)		 al (þú) alið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
aldu aliði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
alast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur)		 að alast
supine
(sagnbót)		 alist
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		 alandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur)		 subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð)		 ég elst við ölumst present
(nútíð)		 ég alist við ölumst
þú elst þið alist þú alist þið alist
hann, hún, það elst þeir, þær, þau alast hann, hún, það alist þeir, þær, þau alist
past
(þátíð)		 ég ólst við ólumst past
(þátíð)		 ég ælist við ælumst
þú ólst þið ólust þú ælist þið ælust
hann, hún, það ólst þeir, þær, þau ólust hann, hún, það ælist þeir, þær, þau ælust
imperative
(boðháttur)		 alst (þú) alist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
alstu alisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
alinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)		 singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)		 masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)		 alinn alin alið aldir aldar alin
accusative
(þolfall)		 alinn alda alið alda aldar alin
dative
(þágufall)		 öldum alinni öldu öldum öldum öldum
genitive
(eignarfall)		 alins alinnar alins alinna alinna alinna
weak declension
(veik beyging)		 singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)		 masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)		 aldi alda alda öldu öldu öldu
accusative
(þolfall)		 alda öldu alda öldu öldu öldu
dative
(þágufall)		 alda öldu alda öldu öldu öldu
genitive
(eignarfall)		 alda öldu alda öldu öldu öldu


Derived termsEdit
Derived terms

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

ala

  1. indefinite genitive plural of alur

ItalianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin āla.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala f (plural ali, poetic ale)

  1. wing

SynonymsEdit

  • alia (archaic, slang)

Related termsEdit

Related terms

VerbEdit

ala

  1. third-person singular present indicative of alare
  2. second-person singular imperative of alare

JaraiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaR, from Proto-Austronesian *SulaR

NounEdit

(classifier drơi) ala

  1. snake

KurdishEdit

 
ala

NounEdit

ala f

  1. flag (piece of cloth)


This Kurdish entry was created from the translations listed at flag. It may be less reliable than other entries, and may be missing parts of speech or additional senses. Please also see ala in the Kurdish Wiktionary. This notice will be removed when the entry is checked. (more information) April 2008

LadinEdit

ContractionEdit

ala

  1. at or to the (+ feminine singular noun)

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

āla f (genitive ālae); first declension

  1. wing (as of a bird)
  2. armpit
  3. the hollow where a limb joins the trunk of an animal or tree
  4. (architecture) wings off the main room, side porches, waiting areas
  5. (military) wing of an army, cavalry force (usually deployed on an army's flank)
  6. vocative singular of āla

ālā f

  1. ablative singular of āla

InflectionEdit

First declension.

Case Singular Plural
nominative āla ālae
genitive ālae ālārum
dative ālae ālīs
accusative ālam ālās
ablative ālā ālīs
vocative āla ālae

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • ala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • ala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • du Cange, Charles (1883), “ala”, in G. A. Louis Henschel, Pierre Carpentier, Léopold Favre, editors, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (in Latin), Niort: L. Favre
  • ala in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ala in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

LatvianEdit

 
 ala on Latvian Wikipedia
 
Ala (1)
 
Trušu ala (2)

EtymologyEdit

The usual theory considers ala to be borrowed from Middle Low German hol (“depth, hole, cave”), or maybe from the same form in Middle Dutch or German Low German (East Frisian); cf. German Höhle (“cave”); note, however, that this Germanic word is masculine, from which a feminine a-stem borrowing into Latvian would seem unlikely.

A different view suggests that ala could also reflex of an old Proto-Indo-European stem *h₁el-, *ol-, *al- (“to flow, to drain”) with various Baltic reflexes: dialectal alots, alogs, standard avots (“(water) source”), alksna, aluksna (“miry, swampy place”) (cf. place names like Alūksne, Alūkstes), Lithuanian alė́ti (“to flow, to drip”). The original meaning of ala would thus have been “(water) source”, from which “place (e.g., cave, rift, pit) from which water springs” and finally simply “cave,” possibly under the influence of the aforementioned Germanic words.[1]

PronunciationEdit

 (file)

NounEdit

ala f (4th declension)

  1. cave (space or cavity formed underground, especially between rocks, or in the face of a cliff or hillside)
    klinšu alas ― rock caves
    pazemes ala ― subterranean cave
    alu labirinti ― cave labyrinths
    alu cilvēks ― caveman
    alu zīmējumi ― cave drawings, paintings
    Abhāzijā atrodas ala, kuras labirinti ir vairāk nekā trīs kilometrus gari ― in Abkhazia there is a cave with labyrinths longer than three kilometers
  2. burrow, hole, lair, den (the dwelling of some animals, in the form of a cavity with one or many exits)
    peles, lapsas alas ― mice, fox holes
    āpšu, trušu alas ― badger, rabbit holes, burrows
    rakt alu ― to dig a hole, burrow
    nekā sevišķa tur neredzēja, izņemot nelielu caurumu zemē... likās tā kā kurmja ala ― there was nothing special to see there, except a small whole on the ground... it seemed to be a molehill (lit. hole)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ala (4th declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs) ala alas
accusative (akuzatīvs) alu alas
genitive (ģenitīvs) alas alu
dative (datīvs) alai alām
instrumental (instrumentālis) alu alām
locative (lokatīvs) alā alās
vocative (vokatīvs) ala alas

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ala”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7

MalagasyEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈa.la/, [ˈa.lə̥]

NounEdit

ala

  1. forest

MalayEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

ala

  1. like
  2. according to
  3. on

Northern SamiEdit

EtymologyEdit

Genitive of Proto-Samic *ëlë.

AdverbEdit

ala

  1. over
  2. on, on top

Derived termsEdit

  • alcces-, alcce-, allas- (locative stems of ieš (“self”))

PostpositionEdit

ala

  1. over
  2. on, onto, on top of

Old High GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *ēlō. Cognates include Old English æl and Old Norse alr.

NounEdit

āla f

  1. awl

DescendantsEdit

Old NorseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to grow”).

VerbEdit

ala

  1. to produce
  2. to testify
  3. to breed
  4. to nourish

ConjugationEdit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

ReferencesEdit

  • ala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • ala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • du Cange, Charles (1883), “ala”, in G. A. Louis Henschel, Pierre Carpentier, Léopold Favre, editors, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (in Latin), Niort: L. Favre
  • ala in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ala in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Old SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin āla.

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing (limb)
    • c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 67v. a.
      la ṕmera ſemeiaua leon e auie alas de aguila ueye q́ meſauan ſus alas e cayen atierra e ſobre ſos piedes como oḿe se leuátaua
      The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I saw its wings torn off and fall to the ground so that it stood on its feet like a man.
DescendantsEdit
  • Ladino: ala (Latin spelling)
  • Spanish: ala

Etymology 2Edit

A contraction of a (“to, toward, in, at”) + la (“the”); the feminine singular definite article.

ContractionEdit

ala (plural alas)

  1. (followed by a singular feminine noun) to the, toward the
    • c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. b.
      Loth ouo miedo de ſeer en segor esubio alas mótánas có sus. ij. fijas. estido é una cueua có sus. ij. fijas. edixo la maior ala menor. nŕo padre es uyeio eno nos podremos caſar. com es derecho.
      Loth was afriad to stay in Zoar, so he moved to the mountains with his two daughters. There he lived in a cave with his two daughters; then older [daughter] said to the younger: "Our father is old, and [here] we cannot marry as is the custom."
  2. (followed by a singular feminine noun) in the, at the
    • c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. a.
      eſtos angeles có q́ fablo abraã. vinieron a ſodoma e loth ſedia ala puerta de la cibdat. e violos & leuátos cótra ellõ.
      These angels to whom Abraham spoke came to Sodom, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. And he saw them and got up to meet them.
Related termsEdit

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin āla. Compare the inherited doublet á.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. section, wing

RadeEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Chamic *ʔular, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala

  1. snake

RomanschEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin āla.

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) wing

Serbo-CroatianEdit

AdverbEdit

àla (Cyrillic spelling а̀ла)

  1. (used for emphasis, or as an intensifier) expression of awe, surprise, dismay, etc.
    Ala je bilo lijepo!
    It sure was nice!
    Ala lažeš!
    Oh, you're lying!

NounEdit

ala f (Cyrillic spelling ала)

  1. dragon
  2. type of mythical creature similar to dragon

SynonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Spanish ala (compare Ladino ala), from Latin āla.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing (of bird)
  2. wing (of aircraft)
  3. brim (of hat)
  4. (military) flank (of a formation)
  5. (sports) wing (part of the field)
  6. (sports) winger

Usage notesEdit

  • The feminine noun ala is like other feminine nouns starting with a stressed a sound in that it takes the definite article el (normally reserved for masculine nouns) in the singular when there is no intervening adjective:
el ala
  • However, if an adjective, even one that begins with a stressed a sound such as alta or ancha, intervenes between the article and the noun, the article reverts to la.

Related termsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Sranan TongoEdit

PronounEdit

ala

  1. everything

SwahiliEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Arabic آلَة‏ (ʾāla, “instrument, tool”).

NounEdit

ala (n class, plural ala)

  1. tool, instrument
  2. sheath, scabbard

SynonymsEdit

TurkishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ɑˈɫɑ/
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

AdjectiveEdit

ala (comparative daha ala, superlative en ala)

  1. multicolored
  2. Clipping of alabalık (“trout”).

VepsEdit

ZuluEdit

EtymologyEdit

  This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions. You can also discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

VerbEdit

-âla

  1. to deny, to refuse, to decline
  2. to forbid
  3. to reject
  4. to refuse to give [+ na- (object)]
  5. to hate, to detest

InflectionEdit

Tone HH
Infinitive ukwala
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukwala ukungali
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yala yale
Plural yalani yaleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyala, ngala engiyala, engala ngala angali engingali ngingali
2nd singular uyala, wala oyala, owala wala awali ongali ungali
1st plural siyala, sala esiyala, esala sala asali esingali singali
2nd plural niyala, nala eniyala, enala nala anali eningali ningali
Class 1 uyala, wala oyala, owala ala akali ongali engali
Class 2 bayala, bala abayala, abala bala abali abangali bengali
Class 3 uyala, wala oyala, owala wala awali ongali ungali
Class 4 iyala, ala eyala, eyala ala ayali engali ingali
Class 5 liyala, lala eliyala, elala lala alali elingali lingali
Class 6 ayala, ala ayala, ala ala awali angali engali
Class 7 siyala, sala esiyala, esala sala asali esingali singali
Class 8 ziyala, zala eziyala, ezala zala azali ezingali zingali
Class 9 iyala, ala eyala, eyala ala ayali engali ingali
Class 10 ziyala, zala eziyala, ezala zala azali ezingali zingali
Class 11 luyala, lwala oluyala, olwala lwala alwali olungali lungali
Class 14 buyala, bala obuyala, obala bala abali obungali bungali
Class 15 kuyala, kwala okuyala, okwala kwala akwali okungali kungali
Class 17 kuyala, kwala okuyala, okwala kwala akwali okungali kungali
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngalile, ngalē engalile, engalē ngalile, ngalē angalanga engingalanga ngingalanga
2nd singular walile, walē owalile, owalē walile, walē awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
1st plural salile, salē esalile, esalē salile, salē asalanga esingalanga singalanga
2nd plural nalile, nalē enalile, enalē nalile, nalē analanga eningalanga ningalanga
Class 1 walile, walē owalile, owalē alile, alē akalanga ongalanga engalanga
Class 2 balile, balē abalile, abalē balile, balē abalanga abangalanga bengalanga
Class 3 walile, walē owalile, owalē walile, walē awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
Class 4 alile, alē eyalile, eyalē alile, alē ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 5 lalile, lalē elalile, elalē lalile, lalē alalanga elingalanga lingalanga
Class 6 alile, alē alile, alē alile, alē awalanga angalanga engalanga
Class 7 salile, salē esalile, esalē salile, salē asalanga esingalanga singalanga
Class 8 zalile, zalē ezalile, ezalē zalile, zalē azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 9 alile, alē eyalile, eyalē alile, alē ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 10 zalile, zalē ezalile, ezalē zalile, zalē azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 11 lwalile, lwalē olwalile, olwalē lwalile, lwalē alwalanga olungalanga lungalanga
Class 14 balile, balē obalile, obalē balile, balē abalanga obungalanga bungalanga
Class 15 kwalile, kwalē okwalile, okwalē kwalile, kwalē akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Class 17 kwalile, kwalē okwalile, okwalē kwalile, kwalē akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāla engāla ngāla angalanga engingalanga ngingalanga
2nd singular wāla owāla wāla awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
1st plural sāla esāla sāla asalanga esingalanga singalanga
2nd plural nāla enāla nāla analanga eningalanga ningalanga
Class 1 wāla owāla āla akalanga ongalanga engalanga
Class 2 bāla abāla bāla abalanga abangalanga bengalanga
Class 3 wāla owāla wāla awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
Class 4 yāla eyāla yāla ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 5 lāla elāla lāla alalanga elingalanga lingalanga
Class 6 āla āla āla awalanga angalanga engalanga
Class 7 sāla esāla sāla asalanga esingalanga singalanga
Class 8 zāla ezāla zāla azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 9 yāla eyāla yāla ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 10 zāla ezāla zāla azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 11 lwāla olwāla lwāla alwalanga olungalanga lungalanga
Class 14 bāla obāla bāla abalanga obungalanga bungalanga
Class 15 kwāla okwāla kwāla akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Class 17 kwāla okwāla kwāla akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingala — ngingala ngingale — ngingale
2nd singular ungala — ungala ungale — ungale
1st plural singala — singala singale — singale
2nd plural ningala — ningala ningale — ningale
Class 1 angala — engala angale — engale
Class 2 bangala — bengala bangale — bengale
Class 3 ungala — ungala ungale — ungale
Class 4 ingala — ingala ingale — ingale
Class 5 lingala — lingala lingale — lingale
Class 6 angala — engala angale — engale
Class 7 singala — singala singale — singale
Class 8 zingala — zingala zingale — zingale
Class 9 ingala — ingala ingale — ingale
Class 10 zingala — zingala zingale — zingale
Class 11 lungala — lungala lungale — lungale
Class 14 bungala — bungala bungale — bungale
Class 15 kungala — kungala kungale — kungale
Class 17 kungala — kungala kungale — kungale
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokwala engizokwala ngizokwala angizukwala — ngingezukwala
2nd singular uzokwala ozokwala uzokwala awuzukwala — ungezukwala
1st plural sizokwala esizokwala sizokwala asizukwala — singezukwala
2nd plural nizokwala enizokwala nizokwala anizukwala — ningezukwala
Class 1 uzokwala ozokwala ezokwala akazukwala — engezukwala
Class 2 bazokwala abazokwala bezokwala abazukwala — bengezukwala
Class 3 uzokwala ozokwala uzokwala awuzukwala — ungezukwala
Class 4 izokwala ezokwala izokwala ayizukwala — ingezukwala
Class 5 lizokwala elizokwala lizokwala alizukwala — lingezukwala
Class 6 azokwala azokwala ezokwala awazukwala — engezukwala
Class 7 sizokwala esizokwala sizokwala asizukwala — singezukwala
Class 8 zizokwala ezizokwala zizokwala azizukwala — zingezukwala
Class 9 izokwala ezokwala izokwala ayizukwala — ingezukwala
Class 10 zizokwala ezizokwala zizokwala azizukwala — zingezukwala
Class 11 luzokwala oluzokwala luzokwala aluzukwala — lungezukwala
Class 14 buzokwala obuzokwala buzokwala abuzukwala — bungezukwala
Class 15 kuzokwala okuzokwala kuzokwala akuzukwala — kungezukwala
Class 17 kuzokwala okuzokwala kuzokwala akuzukwala — kungezukwala
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokwala engiyokwala ngiyokwala angiyukwala — ngingeyukwala
2nd singular uyokwala oyokwala uyokwala awuyukwala — ungeyukwala
1st plural siyokwala esiyokwala siyokwala asiyukwala — singeyukwala
2nd plural niyokwala eniyokwala niyokwala aniyukwala — ningeyukwala
Class 1 uyokwala oyokwala eyokwala akayukwala — engeyukwala
Class 2 bayokwala abayokwala beyokwala abayukwala — bengeyukwala
Class 3 uyokwala oyokwala uyokwala awuyukwala — ungeyukwala
Class 4 iyokwala eyokwala iyokwala ayiyukwala — ingeyukwala
Class 5 liyokwala eliyokwala liyokwala aliyukwala — lingeyukwala
Class 6 ayokwala ayokwala eyokwala awayukwala — engeyukwala
Class 7 siyokwala esiyokwala siyokwala asiyukwala — singeyukwala
Class 8 ziyokwala eziyokwala ziyokwala aziyukwala — zingeyukwala
Class 9 iyokwala eyokwala iyokwala ayiyukwala — ingeyukwala
Class 10 ziyokwala eziyokwala ziyokwala aziyukwala — zingeyukwala
Class 11 luyokwala oluyokwala luyokwala aluyukwala — lungeyukwala
Class 14 buyokwala obuyokwala buyokwala abuyukwala — bungeyukwala
Class 15 kuyokwala okuyokwala kuyokwala akuyukwala — kungeyukwala
Class 17 kuyokwala okuyokwala kuyokwala akuyukwala — kungeyukwala
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngale ngingali
2nd singular wale ungali
1st plural sale singali
2nd plural nale ningali
Class 1 ale angali
Class 2 bale bangali
Class 3 wale ungali
Class 4 ale ingali
Class 5 lale lingali
Class 6 ale angali
Class 7 sale singali
Class 8 zale zingali
Class 9 ale ingali
Class 10 zale zingali
Class 11 lwale lungali
Class 14 bale bungali
Class 15 kwale kungali
Class 17 kwale kungali
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngala angala
2nd singular wala awala
1st plural sala asala
2nd plural nala anala
Class 1 wala akala
Class 2 bala abala
Class 3 wala awala
Class 4 yala ayala
Class 5 lala alala
Class 6 ala awala
Class 7 sala asala
Class 8 zala azala
Class 9 yala ayala
Class 10 zala azala
Class 11 lwala alwala
Class 14 bala abala
Class 15 kwala akwala
Class 17 kwala akwala

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

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