ala

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ala"

Contents

English

Etymology 1

Originated 1730–40, borrowed from Latin āla (“wing”). Doublet of aisle.

Noun

ala (plural alae or alæ)

1. (zoology) A wing or winglike structure.
2. (anatomy) A winglike anatomical process or part, especially of bone.
3. (botany) The flattened border of some stems, fruits, and seeds, or one of the two side petals of certain flowers in the pea family.
4. (architecture) In ancient Rome, a small room opening into a larger room or courtyard.

References

• ala on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “ala” in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “ala” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French à la, by way of its English derivation a la.

Preposition

ala

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of a la
   • 2006, WorstPreviews.com, Film review:

     The film is told in reverse ala Memento.

   • 2008, Film Threat, Film review:

     […] interactive plasma screens with flashing digits and what not, ala “Minority Report,” […]

   • 2011, The Washington Post’s blog The Fix, Politics article:

     […] we might be getting to the point where Palin is a bona fide liability - ala Pelosi - for the GOP.

   • 2011, The Huffington Post, Business article:

     […] the NYSE didn't implode ala Merrill […]

References

• “ala” examples at Wordnik

Anagrams

• AAL, aal

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Asturian

Etymology

From Latin āla (“wing”).

Noun

ala f (plural ales)

1. wing
2. fin

   Synonym: aleta

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Basque

Conjunction

ala

1. or (exclusive)

Related terms

• edo

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Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan, from Latin āla (“wing”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lə/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.la/
• Homophone: hala

Noun

ala f (plural ales)

1. wing (appendage that enables flight)

Further reading

• “ala” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Chickasaw

Verb

ala

1. to be born

   Synonym: atta

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Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ala.

Noun

ala (genitive ala, partitive ala)

1. area, region
2. territory
3. (in working life, in sciences) field
4. (business) branch

Declension

Inflection of ala (ÕS type 17u/sõna, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	ala	alad
accusative	ala	alad
genitive	ala	alade
partitive	ala	alu alasid
illative	alla alasse	aladesse alusse
inessive	alas	alades alus
elative	alast	aladest alust
allative	alale	aladele alule
adessive	alal	aladel alul
ablative	alalt	aladelt alult
translative	alaks	aladeks aluks
terminative	alani	aladeni
essive	alana	aladena
abessive	alata	aladeta
comitative	alaga	aladega

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Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to grow”).

Verb

ala (third person singular past indicative ól, third person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

1. (kvæði) to give birth to
2. to foster
3. to nourish
4. to breed

Conjugation

   Conjugation of ala

v-58
infinitive	ala
present participle	alandi
past participle a26	alin
supine	alið
number	singular			plural
person	first	second	third	all
indicative	eg	tú	hann/hon/tað	vit, tit, teir/tær/tey, tygum
present	ali	elur	elur	ala
past	ól	ól(st)	ól	ólu
imperative	–	tú	–	tit
present	—	al!	—	alið!

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Finnish

(index al)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *ala.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑlɑ/, [ˈɑlɑ]
• Hyphenation: a‧la
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑ

Noun

ala

1. area, field, domain (one's field of expertise or activity)
2. (in working life, in sciences) field, discipline
3. industry, sector, branch (business, studies, etc.)
4. (mathematics) area

   Synonym: pinta-ala

Declension

Inflection of ala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		ala	alat
genitive		alan	alojen
partitive		alaa	aloja
illative		alaan	aloihin
		singular	plural
nominative		ala	alat
accusative	nom.	ala	alat
	gen.	alan
genitive		alan	alojen alainrare
partitive		alaa	aloja
inessive		alassa	aloissa
elative		alasta	aloista
illative		alaan	aloihin
adessive		alalla	aloilla
ablative		alalta	aloilta
allative		alalle	aloille
essive		alana	aloina
translative		alaksi	aloiksi
instructive		—	aloin
abessive		alatta	aloitta
comitative		—	aloineen

Compounds

compounds

• alahuuli
• alajako
• alajaos
• alajaosto
• alajaotus
• alajuoksu
• alakansakoulu
• alakansi
• alakenttä
• alakerta
• alakierre
• alakomitea
• alakoulu
• alakulminaatio
• alakulo
• alakuloisuus
• alakulttuuri
• alakunto
• alakuu
• alalaji
• alalause
• alalehti
• alaleuka
• alaluomi
• alamaa
• alamaailma
• alamasto
• alamitta
• alamuoto
• alamäki
• alamärssypurje
• alanurkka
• alanvaihto
• alanvalinta
• alaosa
• alaosasto
• alaote
• alaotsake
• alaotsikko

• alapaula
• alaperä
• alapesu
• alapinta
• alaportti
• alapuoli
• alapuolisko
• alapää
• alaraaja
• alaraja
• alareuna
• alaruumis
• alaryhmä
• alasaksa
• alasiipi
• alasuku
• alasuunta
• alasuurennos
• alasävel
• alataso
• alatiili
• alatoimikunta
• alatyyli
• alaurakka
• alavalssi
• alavatsa
• alavesi
• alaviite
• alaviitta
• alavirta
• alavokaali
• alayhdistys
• alayhtiö
• alaääni
• ammattiala
• ampuma-ala
• elintarvikeala
• erikoisala

• etuala
• hakkuuala
• hallinnonala
• huoneala
• huoneistoala
• ilmanala
• iskuala
• kasvuala
• kerrosala
• koeala
• koulutusala
• kriisiala
• kuljetusala
• kuva-ala
• kylvöala
• käsiala
• käyttöala
• lattia-ala
• lehtiala
• liikeala
• liikkuma-ala
• maa-ala
• maatalousala
• matalapalkka-ala
• matkailuala
• merenkulkuala
• metalliala
• metsäala
• mieliala
• muotiala
• näköala
• oikeudenala
• oikeusala
• opetusala
• opinala
• painoala
• painopisteala
• palveluala
• pankkiala

• peittoala
• peliala
• peltoala
• pienpalkka-ala
• pinta-ala
• pohja-ala
• purjeala
• rakennusala
• ravintola-ala
• ravitsemisala
• sosiaaliala
• sovellusala
• soveltamisala
• sydänala
• sähköala
• sävelala
• taiteenala
• taka-ala
• talousala
• teatteriala
• tekstiiliala
• teollisuudenala
• terveydenhoitoala
• terveydenhuoltoala
• terveysala
• tiedonala
• tieteenala
• toimiala
• tuotannonala
• tuotantoala
• turkisala
• tynnyrinala
• työala
• uudistusala
• vaatetusala
• vakuutusala
• viljelyala
• viljelysala
• ääniala

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑlɑˣ/, [ˈɑlɑ(ʔ)]
• Hyphenation: a‧la

Verb

ala

1. Indicative present connegative form of alkaa.
2. Second-person singular imperative present form of alkaa.
3. Second-person singular imperative present connegative form of alkaa.

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Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin āla. Compare the inherited á.

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. wing

   Synonym: á

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Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *sala, from Proto-Oceanic *salan, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

Noun

ala

1. way

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Hoyahoya

Noun

ala

1. grandfather

Reference

• Philip Carr, Hoyahoya organised phonology data (2006)

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Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːla/
• Rhymes: -aːla

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to grow”).

Verb

ala (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative ól, third-person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

1. (with accusative) to bear, give birth to
2. (with accusative) to foster
3. (with accusative) to feed, nourish

Conjugation

ala — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að ala
supine (sagnbót)		alið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		alandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég el	við ölum	present (nútíð)	ég ali	við ölum
	þú elur	þið alið		þú alir	þið alið
	hann, hún, það elur	þeir, þær, þau ala		hann, hún, það ali	þeir, þær, þau ali
past (þátíð)	ég ól	við ólum	past (þátíð)	ég æli	við ælum
	þú ólst	þið óluð		þú ælir	þið æluð
	hann, hún, það ól	þeir, þær, þau ólu		hann, hún, það æli	þeir, þær, þau ælu
imperative (boðháttur)	al (þú)	alið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	aldu	aliði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

alast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að alast
supine (sagnbót)		alist
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		alandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég elst	við ölumst	present (nútíð)	ég alist	við ölumst
	þú elst	þið alist		þú alist	þið alist
	hann, hún, það elst	þeir, þær, þau alast		hann, hún, það alist	þeir, þær, þau alist
past (þátíð)	ég ólst	við ólumst	past (þátíð)	ég ælist	við ælumst
	þú ólst	þið ólust		þú ælist	þið ælust
	hann, hún, það ólst	þeir, þær, þau ólust		hann, hún, það ælist	þeir, þær, þau ælust
imperative (boðháttur)	alst (þú)	alist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	alstu	alisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

alinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	alinn	alin	alið		aldir	aldar	alin
accusative (þolfall)	alinn	alda	alið		alda	aldar	alin
dative (þágufall)	öldum	alinni	öldu		öldum	öldum	öldum
genitive (eignarfall)	alins	alinnar	alins		alinna	alinna	alinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	aldi	alda	alda		öldu	öldu	öldu
accusative (þolfall)	alda	öldu	alda		öldu	öldu	öldu
dative (þágufall)	alda	öldu	alda		öldu	öldu	öldu
genitive (eignarfall)	alda	öldu	alda		öldu	öldu	öldu

Derived terms

Derived terms

• ala aldur sinn (“to live one's life”)
• alast

• ala upp
• ala á (“to harp on”)

• ala önn fyrir (“to take care of somebody”)

Etymology 2

Noun

ala

1. indefinite genitive plural of alur

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Irish

Etymology

Noun

ala ? (genitive singular [please provide], nominative plural)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• ar ala na huaire (“on the spur of the moment; within a second”)

• gach ala (“every now and then”)

Further reading

• "ala" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

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Italian

Etymology

From Latin āla.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈala]

Noun

ala f (plural ali, poetic ale)

1. wing

   Synonym: alia (archaic, slang)

Related terms

Terms related to ala

• ala a delta
• alare
• alato

• aleggiare
• aletta

• ali-
• aliforme

• aligero
• alipede

Verb

ala

1. third-person singular present indicative of alare
2. second-person singular imperative of alare

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Jarai

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaR, from Proto-Austronesian *SulaR

Noun

(classifier drơi) ala

1. snake

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Kurdish

ala

Noun

ala f

1. flag (piece of cloth)

This Kurdish entry was created from the translations listed at flag. It may be less reliable than other entries, and may be missing parts of speech or additional senses. Please also see ala in the Kurdish Wiktionary. This notice will be removed when the entry is checked. (more information) April 2008

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Ladin

Etymology

a +‎ la

Contraction

ala

1. at or to the (+ feminine singular noun)

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Latin

Etymology

For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.la/, [ˈaː.ɫa]

Noun

āla f (genitive ālae); first declension

1. wing (as of a bird)
2. armpit
3. the hollow where a limb joins the trunk of an animal or tree
4. (architecture) wings off the main room, side porches, waiting areas
5. (military) wing of an army, cavalry force (usually deployed on an army's flank)
6. vocative singular of āla

ālā f

1. ablative singular of āla

Inflection

First declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	āla	ālae
Genitive	ālae	ālārum
Dative	ālae	ālīs
Accusative	ālam	ālās
Ablative	ālā	ālīs
Vocative	āla	ālae

Derived terms

Derived terms

• ālar
• ālārius
• ālāte

• ālātus
• āles
• āliger

• ālipēs
• ālipilus
• axilla

Descendants

• Asturian: ala
• Catalan: ala
• Dalmatian: jal
• Friulian: ale
• English: ali-
• Italian: ala
• Ligurian: âa
• Occitan: ala
• Old French: aile
  • Middle French: aisle
    • English: aisle
    • French: aile
• Old Portuguese: aa
  • Galician: á, ala (borrowed)
  • Portuguese: á, ala (borrowed)
• Romansch: ala, ela
• Sardinian: aba, ala, àua
• Sicilian: ala
• Spanish: ala
• Venetian: ała

References

• ala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ala in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• ala in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ala in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

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Latvian

Ala (1)

Trušu ala (2)

Etymology

The usual theory considers ala to be borrowed from Middle Low German hol (“depth, hole, cave”), or maybe from the same form in Middle Dutch or German Low German (East Frisian); cf. German Höhle (“cave”).

A different view suggests that ala could also reflex of an old Proto-Indo-European stem *h₁el-, *ol-, *al- (“to flow, to drain”) with various Baltic reflexes: dialectal alots, alogs, standard avots (“(water) source”), alksna, aluksna (“miry, swampy place”) (cf. place names like Alūksne, Alūkstes), Lithuanian alė́ti (“to flow, to drip”). The original meaning of ala would thus have been “(water) source”, from which “place (e.g., cave, rift, pit) from which water springs” and finally simply “cave,” possibly under the influence of the aforementioned Germanic words.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ala]

(file)

Noun

ala f (4th declension)

1. cave (space or cavity formed underground, especially between rocks, or in the face of a cliff or hillside)

   klinšu alas ― rock caves

   pazemes ala ― subterranean cave

   alu labirinti ― cave labyrinths

   alu cilvēks ― caveman

   alu zīmējumi ― cave drawings, paintings

   Abhāzijā atrodas ala, kuras labirinti ir vairāk nekā trīs kilometrus gari ― in Abkhazia there is a cave with labyrinths longer than three kilometers

2. burrow, hole, lair, den (the dwelling of some animals, in the form of a cavity with one or many exits)

   peles, lapsas alas ― mice, fox holes

   āpšu, trušu alas ― badger, rabbit holes, burrows

   rakt alu ― to dig a hole, burrow

   nekā sevišķa tur neredzēja, izņemot nelielu caurumu zemē... likās tā kā kurmja ala ― there was nothing special to see there, except a small whole on the ground... it seemed to be a molehill (lit. hole)

Declension

Declension of ala (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	ala	alas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	alu	alas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	alas	alu
dative (datīvs)	alai	alām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	alu	alām
locative (lokatīvs)	alā	alās
vocative (vokatīvs)	ala	alas

Derived terms

• alu cilvēks

See also

• speleoloģija

References

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Malagasy

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.la/, [ˈa.lə̥]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ala

1. forest

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Malay

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ə

Preposition

ala

1. like
2. according to
3. on

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Mirandese

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. wing
2. (nautical) sail

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North Wahgi

Noun

ala

1. mistake

References

• Heather and Don Mc Lean, North Wahgi (Yu We) Organised Phonology Data (2005), p. 2

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Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *ëlëk.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈala/

Adverb

ala

1. over
2. on, on top

Derived terms

• alcces-, alcce-, allas- (locative stems of ieš (“self”))

Postposition

ala

1. over
2. on, onto, on top of

Further reading

• Entry 24785 in Álgu database

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Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ēlō. Cognates include Old English æl and Old Norse alr.

Noun

āla f

1. awl

Descendants

• German: Ahle

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Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to grow”).

Verb

ala

1. to produce
2. to testify
3. to breed
4. to nourish

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

• ala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ala in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• ala in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ala in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

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Old Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.la]

Etymology 1

From Latin āla.

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. wing (limb)
   • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 67v. a.

     la ṕmera ſemeiaua leon e auie alas de aguila ueye q́ meſauan ſus alas e cayen atierra e ſobre ſos piedes como oḿe se leuátaua

     The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I saw its wings torn off and fall to the ground so that it stood on its feet like a man.

Descendants

• Ladino: ala (Latin spelling)
• Spanish: ala

Etymology 2

A contraction of a (“to, toward, in, at”) + la (“the”); the feminine singular definite article.

Contraction

ala (plural alas)

1. (followed by a singular feminine noun) to the, toward the
   • c1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. b.

     Loth ouo miedo de ſeer en segor esubio alas mótánas có sus. ij. fijas. estido é una cueua có sus. ij. fijas. edixo la maior ala menor. nŕo padre es uyeio eno nos podremos caſar. com es derecho.

     Loth was afriad to stay in Zoar, so he moved to the mountains with his two daughters. There he lived in a cave with his two daughters; then older [daughter] said to the younger: "Our father is old, and [here] we cannot marry as is the custom."

2. (followed by a singular feminine noun) in the, at the
   • c1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. a.

     eſtos angeles có q́ fablo abraã. vinieron a ſodoma e loth ſedia ala puerta de la cibdat. e violos & leuátos cótra ellõ.

     These angels to whom Abraham spoke came to Sodom, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. And he saw them and got up to meet them.

Related terms

• al

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Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese ala and Spanish ala.

Noun

ala

1. wing

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Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin āla. Compare the inherited doublet á.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lɐ/
• Hyphenation: a‧la

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. section, wing

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Rade

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *ʔular, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /alaa/, [ʔəlaa]

Noun

ala

1. snake

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Romansch

Alternative forms

• ela (Puter)

Etymology

From Latin āla.

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) wing

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Serbo-Croatian

Adverb

àla (Cyrillic spelling а̀ла)

1. (used for emphasis, or as an intensifier) expression of awe, surprise, dismay, etc.

   Ala je bilo lijepo!

   It sure was nice!

   Ala lažeš!

   Oh, you're lying!

Noun

ala f (Cyrillic spelling ала)

1. dragon

   Synonym: hala

2. type of mythical creature similar to dragon

Related terms

Terms related to ala

• aždaha

• zmaj

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈala/
• Homophone: hala

Etymology 1

From Old Spanish ala (compare Ladino ala), from Latin āla.

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. wing (of bird)
2. wing (of aircraft)
3. brim (of hat)
4. (military) flank (of a formation)
5. (sports) wing (part of the field)
6. (sports) winger

Usage notes

• The feminine noun ala is like other feminine nouns starting with a stressed a sound in that it takes the definite article el (normally reserved for masculine nouns) in the singular when there is no intervening adjective:

el ala

• However, if an adjective, even one that begins with a stressed a sound such as alta or ancha, intervenes between the article and the noun, the article reverts to la.

Derived terms

Term list

• ahuecar el ala
• ala delta
• ala del trinquete
• alar

• alero
• aliblanco
• alicaído
• alicorto

• alirrojo
• alita
• bajo el ala de
• dar alas

• del ala
• las alas de la fantasía
• tener alas en los pies
• tomar alas

Related terms

Terms related to ala

• alado

• alear

• aleta

Etymology 2

Interjection

ala

1. Alternative spelling of hala

Further reading

• “ala” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Sranan Tongo

Pronoun

ala

1. everything

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Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic آلَة‎ (ʾāla, “instrument, tool”).

Noun

ala (n class, plural ala)

1. tool, instrument

   Synonym: kifaa

2. sheath, scabbard

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Swazi

Verb

-ála

1. to refuse

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑˈɫɑ/
• Hyphenation: a‧la

Adjective

ala (comparative daha ala, superlative en ala)

1. multicolored, pied, variegated
2. Clipping of alabalık (“trout”).

Interjection

ala

1. come on (encouragement)

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Veps

Etymology

Related to Finnish älä.

Verb

ala

1. second-person singular imperative of ei
2. do not

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Westrobothnian

Noun

ala m

1. harness strap; the strap pulled through the shaft and wherein the harness peg is inserted

Usage notes

If instead an iron hasp is used, it is called al-ösp f.

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Xhosa

Verb

-ala^?

1. to refuse

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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Zulu

Etymology

Verb

-âla

1. to deny, refuse, decline
2. to forbid
3. to reject
4. to refuse give [+ na- (object)]
5. to hate, detest

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive	ukwala
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukwala	ukungali
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yala	yale
Plural	yalani	yaleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyala, ngala	engalayo, engala	ngala	angali	engingali	ngingali
2nd singular	uyala, wala	owalayo, owala	wala	awali	ongali	ungali
1st plural	siyala, sala	esalayo, esala	sala	asali	esingali	singali
2nd plural	niyala, nala	enalayo, enala	nala	anali	eningali	ningali
Class 1	uyala, wala	owalayo, owala	ala	akali	ongali	engali
Class 2	bayala, bala	abalayo, abala	bala	abali	abangali	bengali
Class 3	uyala, wala	owalayo, owala	wala	awali	ongali	ungali
Class 4	iyala, yala	eyalayo, eyala	yala	ayali	engali	ingali
Class 5	liyala, lala	elalayo, elala	lala	alali	elingali	lingali
Class 6	ayala, ala	alayo, ala	ala	awali	angali	engali
Class 7	siyala, sala	esalayo, esala	sala	asali	esingali	singali
Class 8	ziyala, zala	ezalayo, ezala	zala	azali	ezingali	zingali
Class 9	iyala, yala	eyalayo, eyala	yala	ayali	engali	ingali
Class 10	ziyala, zala	ezalayo, ezala	zala	azali	ezingali	zingali
Class 11	luyala, lwala	olwalayo, olwala	lwala	alwali	olungali	lungali
Class 14	buyala, bala	obalayo, obala	bala	abali	obungali	bungali
Class 15	kuyala, kwala	okwalayo, okwala	kwala	akwali	okungali	kungali
Class 17	kuyala, kwala	okwalayo, okwala	kwala	akwali	okungali	kungali
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngalile, ngalē	engalile, engalē	ngalile, ngalē	angalanga	engingalanga	ngingalanga
2nd singular	walile, walē	owalile, owalē	walile, walē	awalanga	ongalanga	ungalanga
1st plural	salile, salē	esalile, esalē	salile, salē	asalanga	esingalanga	singalanga
2nd plural	nalile, nalē	enalile, enalē	nalile, nalē	analanga	eningalanga	ningalanga
Class 1	walile, walē	owalile, owalē	alile, alē	akalanga	ongalanga	engalanga
Class 2	balile, balē	abalile, abalē	balile, balē	abalanga	abangalanga	bengalanga
Class 3	walile, walē	owalile, owalē	walile, walē	awalanga	ongalanga	ungalanga
Class 4	yalile, yalē	eyalile, eyalē	yalile, yalē	ayalanga	engalanga	ingalanga
Class 5	lalile, lalē	elalile, elalē	lalile, lalē	alalanga	elingalanga	lingalanga
Class 6	alile, alē	alile, alē	alile, alē	awalanga	angalanga	engalanga
Class 7	salile, salē	esalile, esalē	salile, salē	asalanga	esingalanga	singalanga
Class 8	zalile, zalē	ezalile, ezalē	zalile, zalē	azalanga	ezingalanga	zingalanga
Class 9	yalile, yalē	eyalile, eyalē	yalile, yalē	ayalanga	engalanga	ingalanga
Class 10	zalile, zalē	ezalile, ezalē	zalile, zalē	azalanga	ezingalanga	zingalanga
Class 11	lwalile, lwalē	olwalile, olwalē	lwalile, lwalē	alwalanga	olungalanga	lungalanga
Class 14	balile, balē	obalile, obalē	balile, balē	abalanga	obungalanga	bungalanga
Class 15	kwalile, kwalē	okwalile, okwalē	kwalile, kwalē	akwalanga	okungalanga	kungalanga
Class 17	kwalile, kwalē	okwalile, okwalē	kwalile, kwalē	akwalanga	okungalanga	kungalanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāla	engāla	ngāla	angalanga	engingalanga	ngingalanga
2nd singular	wāla	owāla	wāla	awalanga	ongalanga	ungalanga
1st plural	sāla	esāla	sāla	asalanga	esingalanga	singalanga
2nd plural	nāla	enāla	nāla	analanga	eningalanga	ningalanga
Class 1	wāla	owāla	āla	akalanga	ongalanga	engalanga
Class 2	bāla	abāla	bāla	abalanga	abangalanga	bengalanga
Class 3	wāla	owāla	wāla	awalanga	ongalanga	ungalanga
Class 4	yāla	eyāla	yāla	ayalanga	engalanga	ingalanga
Class 5	lāla	elāla	lāla	alalanga	elingalanga	lingalanga
Class 6	āla	āla	āla	awalanga	angalanga	engalanga
Class 7	sāla	esāla	sāla	asalanga	esingalanga	singalanga
Class 8	zāla	ezāla	zāla	azalanga	ezingalanga	zingalanga
Class 9	yāla	eyāla	yāla	ayalanga	engalanga	ingalanga
Class 10	zāla	ezāla	zāla	azalanga	ezingalanga	zingalanga
Class 11	lwāla	olwāla	lwāla	alwalanga	olungalanga	lungalanga
Class 14	bāla	obāla	bāla	abalanga	obungalanga	bungalanga
Class 15	kwāla	okwāla	kwāla	akwalanga	okungalanga	kungalanga
Class 17	kwāla	okwāla	kwāla	akwalanga	okungalanga	kungalanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingala	—	ngingala	ngingale	—	ngingale
2nd singular	ungala	—	ungala	ungale	—	ungale
1st plural	singala	—	singala	singale	—	singale
2nd plural	ningala	—	ningala	ningale	—	ningale
Class 1	angala	—	engala	angale	—	engale
Class 2	bangala	—	bengala	bangale	—	bengale
Class 3	ungala	—	ungala	ungale	—	ungale
Class 4	ingala	—	ingala	ingale	—	ingale
Class 5	lingala	—	lingala	lingale	—	lingale
Class 6	angala	—	engala	angale	—	engale
Class 7	singala	—	singala	singale	—	singale
Class 8	zingala	—	zingala	zingale	—	zingale
Class 9	ingala	—	ingala	ingale	—	ingale
Class 10	zingala	—	zingala	zingale	—	zingale
Class 11	lungala	—	lungala	lungale	—	lungale
Class 14	bungala	—	bungala	bungale	—	bungale
Class 15	kungala	—	kungala	kungale	—	kungale
Class 17	kungala	—	kungala	kungale	—	kungale
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokwala	engizokwala	ngizokwala	angizukwala	—	ngingezukwala
2nd singular	uzokwala	ozokwala	uzokwala	awuzukwala	—	ungezukwala
1st plural	sizokwala	esizokwala	sizokwala	asizukwala	—	singezukwala
2nd plural	nizokwala	enizokwala	nizokwala	anizukwala	—	ningezukwala
Class 1	uzokwala	ozokwala	ezokwala	akazukwala	—	engezukwala
Class 2	bazokwala	abazokwala	bezokwala	abazukwala	—	bengezukwala
Class 3	uzokwala	ozokwala	uzokwala	awuzukwala	—	ungezukwala
Class 4	izokwala	ezokwala	izokwala	ayizukwala	—	ingezukwala
Class 5	lizokwala	elizokwala	lizokwala	alizukwala	—	lingezukwala
Class 6	azokwala	azokwala	ezokwala	awazukwala	—	engezukwala
Class 7	sizokwala	esizokwala	sizokwala	asizukwala	—	singezukwala
Class 8	zizokwala	ezizokwala	zizokwala	azizukwala	—	zingezukwala
Class 9	izokwala	ezokwala	izokwala	ayizukwala	—	ingezukwala
Class 10	zizokwala	ezizokwala	zizokwala	azizukwala	—	zingezukwala
Class 11	luzokwala	oluzokwala	luzokwala	aluzukwala	—	lungezukwala
Class 14	buzokwala	obuzokwala	buzokwala	abuzukwala	—	bungezukwala
Class 15	kuzokwala	okuzokwala	kuzokwala	akuzukwala	—	kungezukwala
Class 17	kuzokwala	okuzokwala	kuzokwala	akuzukwala	—	kungezukwala
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokwala	engiyokwala	ngiyokwala	angiyukwala	—	ngingeyukwala
2nd singular	uyokwala	oyokwala	uyokwala	awuyukwala	—	ungeyukwala
1st plural	siyokwala	esiyokwala	siyokwala	asiyukwala	—	singeyukwala
2nd plural	niyokwala	eniyokwala	niyokwala	aniyukwala	—	ningeyukwala
Class 1	uyokwala	oyokwala	eyokwala	akayukwala	—	engeyukwala
Class 2	bayokwala	abayokwala	beyokwala	abayukwala	—	bengeyukwala
Class 3	uyokwala	oyokwala	uyokwala	awuyukwala	—	ungeyukwala
Class 4	iyokwala	eyokwala	iyokwala	ayiyukwala	—	ingeyukwala
Class 5	liyokwala	eliyokwala	liyokwala	aliyukwala	—	lingeyukwala
Class 6	ayokwala	ayokwala	eyokwala	awayukwala	—	engeyukwala
Class 7	siyokwala	esiyokwala	siyokwala	asiyukwala	—	singeyukwala
Class 8	ziyokwala	eziyokwala	ziyokwala	aziyukwala	—	zingeyukwala
Class 9	iyokwala	eyokwala	iyokwala	ayiyukwala	—	ingeyukwala
Class 10	ziyokwala	eziyokwala	ziyokwala	aziyukwala	—	zingeyukwala
Class 11	luyokwala	oluyokwala	luyokwala	aluyukwala	—	lungeyukwala
Class 14	buyokwala	obuyokwala	buyokwala	abuyukwala	—	bungeyukwala
Class 15	kuyokwala	okuyokwala	kuyokwala	akuyukwala	—	kungeyukwala
Class 17	kuyokwala	okuyokwala	kuyokwala	akuyukwala	—	kungeyukwala
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngale	ngingali
2nd singular	wale	ungali
1st plural	sale	singali
2nd plural	nale	ningali
Class 1	ale	angali
Class 2	bale	bangali
Class 3	wale	ungali
Class 4	yale	ingali
Class 5	lale	lingali
Class 6	ale	angali
Class 7	sale	singali
Class 8	zale	zingali
Class 9	yale	ingali
Class 10	zale	zingali
Class 11	lwale	lungali
Class 14	bale	bungali
Class 15	kwale	kungali
Class 17	kwale	kungali
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngala	ngangala, angala, angangala
2nd singular	wala	wangala, awala, awangala
1st plural	sala	sangala, asala, asangala
2nd plural	nala	nangala, anala, anangala
Class 1	wala	wangala, akala, akangala
Class 2	bala	bangala, abala, abangala
Class 3	wala	wangala, awala, awangala
Class 4	yala	yangala, ayala, ayangala
Class 5	lala	langala, alala, alangala
Class 6	ala	angala, awala, awangala
Class 7	sala	sangala, asala, asangala
Class 8	zala	zangala, azala, azangala
Class 9	yala	yangala, ayala, ayangala
Class 10	zala	zangala, azala, azangala
Class 11	lwala	lwangala, alwala, alwangala
Class 14	bala	bangala, abala, abangala
Class 15	kwala	kwangala, akwala, akwangala
Class 17	kwala	kwangala, akwala, akwangala

Derived terms

• -alela (applicative)
• -alisa (causative)
• -alayala (diminutive)
• -alisisa (intensive)
• -aleka (neuter-passive)
• -aliwa (passive)
• -alana (reciprocal)

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ala”