ala
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Originated 1730–40, borrowed from Latin āla (“wing”). Doublet of aisle.
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈeɪ.lə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -eɪlə
Noun edit
- (anatomy) A wing or winglike anatomic process or part, especially of bone.
- (botany) The flattened border of some stems, fruits, and seeds, or one of the two side petals of certain flowers in the pea family.
- (architecture) In ancient Rome, a small room opening into a larger room or courtyard.
Translations edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from French à la, by way of its English derivation a la.
Preposition edit
ala
- (colloquial) Alternative form of a la.
- 2006, WorstPreviews.com[4], archived from the original on 7 June 2020:
- The film is told in reverse ala Memento.
- 2008 November 14, admin, “Quantum of Solace”, in Film Threat[5]:
- […] interactive plasma screens with flashing digits and what not, ala “Minority Report,” […]
References edit
- “ala”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- “ala”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- “ala”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- “ala” examples at Wordnik
Anagrams edit
Afar edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ála m (plural alluwwá f or alwá f)
- animal, wild animal
- European, white person (clarification of this definition is needed)
Declension edit
Declension of ála | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | ála | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | ála | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | alí | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | alí | |||||||||||||||||
|
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
alá f (masculine rakúb, plural aloolí f)
Declension edit
Declension of alá | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | alá | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | alá | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | alá | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | alá | |||||||||||||||||
|
Hypernyms edit
- gaaláytu (“camel”)
See also edit
References edit
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 37
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 24
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[8], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural ales)
Azerbaijani edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Turkic *āla.[1]
Adjective edit
ala (comparative daha ala, superlative ən ala)
- variegated
- (poetic) blue (of eyes)
- ala gözlər ― blue eyes
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
ala (definite accusative alanı, plural alalar)
- vitiligo (the patchy loss of skin pigmentation.)
Declension edit
Declension of ala | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | ala |
alalar | ||||||
definite accusative | alanı |
alaları | ||||||
dative | alaya |
alalara | ||||||
locative | alada |
alalarda | ||||||
ablative | aladan |
alalardan | ||||||
definite genitive | alanın |
alaların |
Etymology 2 edit
Interjection edit
ala
- dude
- Ala, nə eləyirsən?! ― Dude, what are you doing?!
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*āla”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Baoule edit
Noun edit
ala
References edit
- ^ Kerharo, J.; Bouquet, A. (1950) Plantes médicinales et toxiques de la Côte-d’Ivoire - Haute-Volta[1] (in French), Paris: Vigot Frères, page 131
- ^ Irvine, F. R. (1961) Woody Plants of Ghana: With Special Reference to Their Uses[2], London: Oxford University Press, page 427
Basque edit
Etymology edit
Presumably from Proto-Basque *aLa.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Conjunction edit
ala
- or (exclusive)
Usage notes edit
The conjunction ala is an exclusive or, while edo is an inclusive or. For instance, while Sagarrak edo udareak nahi al dituzu? and Sagarrak ala udareak nahi dituzu? are both correct, the former asks in a yes or no question if you want apples, pears, apples and pears, or nothing; while the latter asks which one you want, the apples, or the pears.
References edit
- ^ “ala” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural ales)
- wing (appendage that enables flight)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “ala” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “ala”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “ala” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “ala” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chickasaw edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ala (active, short verb)
- (intransitive) to arrive, to come (I)
- (intransitive) to be born (I)
- Synonym: atta
- (intransitive) to be here, to get here (I)
- (transitive) to come to, to arrive at (I;3)
Inflection edit
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms edit
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *ala.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala (genitive ala, partitive ala)
- area, territory, region
- Sellelt alalt on leitud palju rauda. ― A lot of iron has been found in this area.
- (in working life, in sciences) field
- Ainuke ala, mis mind huvitab, on ajalugu. ― The only field which interests me is history.
- (business) branch
Declension edit
Declension of ala (ÕS type 17u/sõna, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ala | alad | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | ala | ||
genitive | alade | ||
partitive | ala | alu alasid | |
illative | alla alasse |
aladesse alusse | |
inessive | alas | alades alus | |
elative | alast | aladest alust | |
allative | alale | aladele alule | |
adessive | alal | aladel alul | |
ablative | alalt | aladelt alult | |
translative | alaks | aladeks aluks | |
terminative | alani | aladeni | |
essive | alana | aladena | |
abessive | alata | aladeta | |
comitative | alaga | aladega |
Further reading edit
- “ala”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (online version, not updated, in Estonian), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
- “ala”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (online version, in Estonian), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “ala”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (online version, in Estonian), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018
- ala in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ala (third person singular past indicative ól, third person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)
- (kvæði) to give birth to
- to foster
- to nourish
- to breed
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of ala (group v-58) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | ala | |
supine | alið | |
participle (a26)1 | alandi | alin |
present | past | |
first singular | ali | ól |
second singular | elur | ól(st) |
third singular | elur | ól |
plural | ala | ólu |
imperative | ||
singular | al! | |
plural | alið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
See ala-; this stem was repurposed as a noun meaning "underside, lower side", from which the other senses have developed.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala
- area, field, domain (one's field of expertise or activity)
- field, discipline (specific branch of knowledge, learning, or practice; e.g. in work or sciences)
- industry, sector, branch (business, studies, etc.)
- (mathematics) area
- Synonym: pinta-ala
- (archaic) underside
Declension edit
Inflection of ala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ala | alat | ||
genitive | alan | alojen | ||
partitive | alaa | aloja | ||
illative | alaan | aloihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | ala | alat | ||
accusative | nom. | ala | alat | |
gen. | alan | |||
genitive | alan | alojen alainrare | ||
partitive | alaa | aloja | ||
inessive | alassa | aloissa | ||
elative | alasta | aloista | ||
illative | alaan | aloihin | ||
adessive | alalla | aloilla | ||
ablative | alalta | aloilta | ||
allative | alalle | aloille | ||
essive | alana | aloina | ||
translative | alaksi | aloiksi | ||
abessive | alatta | aloitta | ||
instructive | — | aloin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
- alanvaihto
- alanvalinta
- ammattiala
- ampuma-ala
- elintarvikeala
- erikoisala
- etuala
- hakkuuala
- hallinnonala
- huoneala
- huoneistoala
- ilmanala
- iskuala
- kasvuala
- kerrosala
- koeala
- koulutusala
- kriisiala
- kuljetusala
- kuva-ala
- kylvöala
- käsiala
- käyttöala
- lattia-ala
- lehtiala
- liikeala
- liikkuma-ala
- maa-ala
- maatalousala
- matalapalkka-ala
- matkailuala
- merenkulkuala
- metalliala
- metsäala
- mieliala
- muotiala
- näköala
- oikeudenala
- oikeusala
- opetusala
- opinala
- painoala
- painopisteala
- palveluala
- pankkiala
- peittoala
- peliala
- peltoala
- pienpalkka-ala
- pinta-ala
- pohja-ala
- purjeala
- rakennusala
- ravintola-ala
- ravitsemisala
- sosiaaliala
- sovellusala
- soveltamisala
- sydänala
- sähköala
- sävelala
- taiteenala
- taka-ala
- talousala
- teatteriala
- tekstiiliala
- teollisuudenala
- terveydenhoitoala
- terveydenhuoltoala
- terveysala
- tiedonala
- tieteenala
- toimiala
- tuotannonala
- tuotantoala
- turkisala
- tynnyrinala
- työala
- uudistusala
- vaatetusala
- vakuutusala
- viljelyala
- viljelysala
- ääniala
Further reading edit
- “ala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][9] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ala
Galician edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin āla. Compare the inherited á.
Noun edit
ala f (plural alas)
Further reading edit
- “ala” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
Gallurese edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Classical Latin āla, from earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural ali)
References edit
Hawaiian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Polynesian *hala, from Proto-Oceanic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986), “ala”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
Hoyahoya edit
Noun edit
ala
References edit
- Philip Carr, Hoyahoya organised phonology data (2006)
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow”).
Verb edit
ala (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative ól, third-person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)
- to bear, give birth to [+accusative]
- to foster [+accusative]
- to feed, nourish [+accusative]
Conjugation edit
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að ala | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
alið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
alandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég el | við ölum | present (nútíð) |
ég ali | við ölum |
þú elur | þið alið | þú alir | þið alið | ||
hann, hún, það elur | þeir, þær, þau ala | hann, hún, það ali | þeir, þær, þau ali | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég ól | við ólum | past (þátíð) |
ég æli | við ælum |
þú ólst | þið óluð | þú ælir | þið æluð | ||
hann, hún, það ól | þeir, þær, þau ólu | hann, hún, það æli | þeir, þær, þau ælu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
al (þú) | alið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
aldu | aliði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að alast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
alist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
alandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég elst | við ölumst | present (nútíð) |
ég alist | við ölumst |
þú elst | þið alist | þú alist | þið alist | ||
hann, hún, það elst | þeir, þær, þau alast | hann, hún, það alist | þeir, þær, þau alist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég ólst | við ólumst | past (þátíð) |
ég ælist | við ælumst |
þú ólst | þið ólust | þú ælist | þið ælust | ||
hann, hún, það ólst | þeir, þær, þau ólust | hann, hún, það ælist | þeir, þær, þau ælust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
alst (þú) | alist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
alstu | alisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
alinn | alin | alið | aldir | aldar | alin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
alinn | alda | alið | alda | aldar | alin | |
dative (þágufall) |
öldum | alinni | öldu | öldum | öldum | öldum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
alins | alinnar | alins | alinna | alinna | alinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
aldi | alda | alda | öldu | öldu | öldu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
alda | öldu | alda | öldu | öldu | öldu | |
dative (þágufall) |
alda | öldu | alda | öldu | öldu | öldu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
alda | öldu | alda | öldu | öldu | öldu |
Derived terms edit
- ala aldur sinn (“to live one's life”)
- ala á (“to harp on”)
- ala upp
- ala önn fyrir (“to take care of somebody”)
- alast
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
ala
Igala edit
Etymology edit
Compare with Ebira àra, probably from Idoma ala, displaced native àgwùtọ̀
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
álá
Derived terms edit
Igbo edit
Alternative forms edit
- ànị̀ (Onicha)
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Igboid *ɛ́-làCḭ. Cognate with Ekpeye ɛ́lɛ̀, Ogbah àlɪ̀, Ezaa àlɪ̀, Izi àlɪ̀, Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni ànɪ̀, Ika àlɪ̀.[1] Compare Proto-Yoruboid *á-lɛ̀, (Yoruba alẹ̀).
Noun edit
ala
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Igboid [Term?]. Cognate with Ogbah ɛ́rã́, Ezaa ɛ́rá, Izi ɛ́rá, Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni ɛ́lá, Ika ɛ́rã́.[1] Possibly cognate with Yoruba wàrà.
Noun edit
ala
References edit
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Preposition edit
ala
Etymology 2 edit
Preposition edit
ala
Noun edit
ala (first-person possessive alaku, second-person possessive alamu, third-person possessive alanya)
Etymology 3 edit
Adjective edit
ala
Further reading edit
- “ala” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle Irish athlad.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala
- Only used in phrases; see Derived terms below
Derived terms edit
- ar ala na huaire (“on the spur of the moment; within a second”)
- gach ala (“every now and then”)
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ala”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural ali or (archaic or poetic) ale)
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
ala
- inflection of alare:
Jarai edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaR, from Proto-Austronesian *SulaR.
Noun edit
ala (classifier drơi)
Javanese edit
Romanization edit
ala
- Romanization of ꦲꦭ
Kapampangan edit
Alternative forms edit
- la (text messaging)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Central Philippine *wadaq, from Proto-Philippine *wada (“to be, exist”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
alâ
Adjective edit
alâ
Ladin edit
Etymology edit
Contraction edit
ala
Latin edit
Etymology edit
For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈaː.la/, [ˈäːɫ̪ä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈa.la/, [ˈäːlä]
Noun edit
āla f (genitive ālae); first declension
- A wing.
- (anatomy) The upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit.
- (zoology) The hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder blade.
- (botany) The hollow where a limb joins the trunk of a tree.
- (architecture) The wings off the main room, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, waiting areas, the colonnades.
- (military) The wing of an army, cavalry force (usually deployed on an army's flank).
Inflection edit
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | āla | ālae |
Genitive | ālae | ālārum |
Dative | ālae | ālīs |
Accusative | ālam | ālās |
Ablative | ālā | ālīs |
Vocative | āla | ālae |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Asturian: ala
- Catalan: ala
- Dalmatian: jal
- → English: ala, ali-
- → Esperanto: alo
- Friulian: ale
- → Galician: ala
- Gallurese: ala
- Italian: ala
- Ligurian: âa
- Occitan: ala
- Old French: aile
- Old Galician-Portuguese: aa
- → Portuguese: ala
- Romansch: ala, ela
- Sardinian: aba, ala, àua
- Sassarese: ara
- Sicilian: ala
- Spanish: ala
- Venetian: ała
References edit
- ala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ala in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- ala in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ala in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
The usual theory considers ala to be borrowed from Middle Low German hol (“depth, hole, cave”), from Old Saxon hol, or maybe from the same form in Middle Dutch or German Low German (East Frisian); cf. German Höhle (“cave”), all from Proto-West Germanic *hol.
A different view suggests that ala could also be a reflex of an old Proto-Indo-European stem *h₁el-, *ol-, *al- (“to flow, to drain”) with various Baltic reflexes: dialectal alots, alogs, standard avots (“(water) source”), alksna, aluksna (“miry, swampy place”) (cf. place names like Alūksne, Alūkstes), Lithuanian alė́ti (“to flow, to drip”). The original meaning of ala would thus have been “(water) source”, from which “place (e.g., cave, rift, pit) from which water springs,” and finally simply “cave,” possibly under the influence of the aforementioned Germanic words.[1]
Pronunciation edit
(file) |
Noun edit
ala f (4th declension)
- cave (space or cavity formed underground, especially between rocks, or in the face of a cliff or hillside)
- klinšu alas ― rock caves
- pazemes ala ― subterranean cave
- alu labirinti ― cave labyrinths
- alu cilvēks ― caveman
- alu zīmējumi ― cave drawings, paintings
- Abhāzijā atrodas ala, kuras labirinti ir vairāk nekā trīs kilometrus gari ― in Abkhazia there is a cave with labyrinths longer than three kilometers
- burrow, hole, lair, den (the dwelling of some animals, in the form of a cavity with one or many exits)
- peles, lapsas alas ― mice, fox holes
- āpšu, trušu alas ― badger, rabbit holes, burrows
- rakt alu ― to dig a hole, burrow
- nekā sevišķa tur neredzēja, izņemot nelielu caurumu zemē... likās tā kā kurmja ala ― there was nothing special to see there, except a small whole on the ground... it seemed to be a molehill (lit. hole)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ala”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Laz edit
Conjunction edit
ala
- Latin spelling of ალა (ala)
Malagasy edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas, from Proto-Austronesian *Salas. Cognate with Balinese ᬳᬮᬲ᭄ (alas), Javanese ꦲꦭꦱ꧀ (alas).
Noun edit
ala
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Austronesian *alaq (“fetch; get; take”).
Adverb edit
ala
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -ə
Preposition edit
ala (Jawi spelling الا or على)
References edit
- "ala" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
- “ala” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mirandese edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural alas)
North Wahgi edit
Noun edit
ala
References edit
- Heather and Don Mc Lean, North Wahgi (Yu We) Organised Phonology Data (2005), p. 2
Northern Kurdish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala m (Arabic spelling ئالا)
Declension edit
References edit
- Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ala”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 5
Northern Ndebele edit
Verb edit
-ála
- to refuse
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Northern Sami edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Samic *ëlëk.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ala
Derived terms edit
- alcces-, alcce-, allas- (locative stems of ieš (“self”))
Postposition edit
ala
Further reading edit
- Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[10], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
ala (present tense aler or el, past tense alte or ol, past participle alt or ale, present participle alande, imperative al)
- to foster
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
ala
References edit
- “ala” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Occitan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural alas)
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *ālu. Cognates include Old English æl and Old Norse alr.
Noun edit
āla f
Descendants edit
- German: Ahle
Old Norse edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi, from *h₂el- (“to raise, feed, nourish”). Cognate with Old English alan and Latin alō.
Verb edit
ala (singular present indicative elr, singular past indicative ól, plural past indicative ólu, past participle alinn)
Conjugation edit
infinitive | ala | |
---|---|---|
present participle | alandi | |
past participle | alinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | el | ól |
2nd-person singular | elr | ólt |
3rd-person singular | elr | ól |
1st-person plural | ǫlum | ólum |
2nd-person plural | alið | óluð |
3rd-person plural | ala | ólu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | ala | ǿla |
2nd-person singular | alir | ǿlir |
3rd-person singular | ali | ǿli |
1st-person plural | alim | ǿlim |
2nd-person plural | alið | ǿlið |
3rd-person plural | ali | ǿli |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | al | |
1st-person plural | ǫlum | |
2nd-person plural | alið |
infinitive | alask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | alandisk | |
past participle | alizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | ǫlumk | ólumk |
2nd-person singular | elsk | ólzk |
3rd-person singular | elsk | ólsk |
1st-person plural | ǫlumsk | ólumsk |
2nd-person plural | alizk | óluzk |
3rd-person plural | alask | ólusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | ǫlumk | ǿlumk |
2nd-person singular | alisk | ǿlisk |
3rd-person singular | alisk | ǿlisk |
1st-person plural | alimsk | ǿlimsk |
2nd-person plural | alizk | ǿlizk |
3rd-person plural | alisk | ǿlisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | alsk | |
1st-person plural | ǫlumsk | |
2nd-person plural | alizk |
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: ala
- Faroese: ala
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ala
- Norwegian Bokmål: ale
- Old Swedish: ala
- Swedish: uppala
- Old Danish: alæ
- Old Gutnish: ala
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
ala
References edit
- ala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural alas)
- wing (limb)
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 67v. a.
- la p̃mera ſemeiaua leon e auie alas de aguila ueye q̃ meſauan ſus alas e cayen atierra e ſobre ſos piedes como om̃e se leuãtaua
- The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I saw its wings torn off and fall to the ground so that it stood on its feet like a man.
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 67v. a.
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
A contraction of a (“to, toward, in, at”) + la (“the”); the feminine singular definite article.
Contraction edit
ala (plural alas)
- (followed by a singular feminine noun) to the, toward the
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. b.
- Loth ouo miedo de ſeer en segor esubio alas mõtãnas cõ sus .ij. fijas. estido ẽ una cueua cõ sus .ij. fijas. edixo la maior ala menor. nr̃o padre es uyeio eno nos podremos caſar. com es derecho.
- Lot was afraid to stay in Zoar, so he moved to the mountains with his two daughters. There he lived in a cave with his two daughters; then older [daughter] said to the younger: "Our father is old, and [here] we cannot marry as is the custom."
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. b.
- (followed by a singular feminine noun) in the, at the
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. a.
- eſtos angeles cõ q̃ fablo abraã. vinieron a ſodoma e loth ſedia ala puerta de la cibdat. e violos & leuãtos cõtra ellõ.
- These angels to whom Abraham spoke came to Sodom, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. And he saw them and got up to meet them.
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. a.
Related terms edit
Papiamentu edit
Alternative forms edit
- hala (alternative spelling)
Etymology edit
From Portuguese ala and Spanish ala.
Noun edit
ala
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin āla.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala f
- (historical, Ancient Rome) ala (Roman allied military unit)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- ala in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -alɐ
- Hyphenation: a‧la
Etymology 1 edit
Learned borrowing from Latin āla. Compare the inherited doublet á.
Noun edit
ala f (plural alas)
- a flank
- (chiefly politics) faction (ideologically distinct group within an organisation)
- a row among a larger group of people or things
- (military) a rank or file of soldiers
- (Brazil) a subdivision of a carnival block consisting of similarly themed participants
- (architecture) wing (part of a building that extends from the main structure)
- (chess) each player’s half of the chessboard
- (dated) wing (part of an animal)
Noun edit
ala m or f by sense (plural alas)
Related terms edit
Interjection edit
ala!
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
ala
- inflection of alar:
Pukapukan edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Polynesian *hala, from Proto-Oceanic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.
Noun edit
ala
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Rade edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Chamic *ʔular, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala
Romansch edit
Alternative forms edit
- ela (Puter)
Etymology edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural alas)
Sassarese edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural ali)
References edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
àla (Cyrillic spelling а̀ла)
- (used for emphasis, or as an intensifier) expression of awe, surprise, dismay, etc.
- Ala je bilo lijepo! ― It sure was nice!
- Ala lažeš! ― Oh, you're lying!
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala, “spotted, variegated”).
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
ála or àla or ȁla (Cyrillic spelling а́ла or а̀ла or а̏ла) (indeclinable)
Etymology 3 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xala, unless borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala, “spotted, variegated”), euphemistic for a snake.
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
ála or àla or ȁla f (Cyrillic spelling а́ла or а̀ла or а̏ла)
See also edit
References edit
- Knüppel, Michael (2009), “Zu serbo-kroatisch hȁla ∼ ȁla ‘Drache’”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch[11] (in German), volume 55, pages 179–183
Sicilian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
ala f (plural ali)
References edit
- Traina, Antonino (1868), “ala”, in Nuovo vocabolario Siciliano-Italiano [New Sicilian-Italian vocabulary] (in Italian), Liber Liber, published 2020, page 179
Southern Ndebele edit
Verb edit
-ála
- to refuse
Inflection edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Spanish ala (compare Ladino ala), from Latin āla.
Noun edit
ala f (plural alas)
- wing (of bird or insect)
- wing (of aircraft)
- brim (of hat)
- (military) flank (of a formation)
- (sports) wing (part of the field)
- (in the plural) flip, wings (hairstyle)
Noun edit
ala m or f by sense (plural alas)
Usage notes edit
- Feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ like this one regularly take the singular articles el and un, usually reserved for masculine nouns.
- el ala, un ala
- They maintain the usual feminine singular articles la and una if an adjective intervenes between the article and the noun.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Interjection edit
ala
- Alternative spelling of hala
Further reading edit
- “ala”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan Tongo edit
Pronoun edit
ala
Swahili edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic آلَة (ʔāla).
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Noun edit
ala (n class, plural ala)
- tool, instrument
- Synonym: kifaa
- sheath, scabbard
References edit
- Baldi, Sergio (2020-11-30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 20 No. 133
Swazi edit
Verb edit
-ála
- to refuse
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Tagalog edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
alá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ) (dialectal)
- expressing negation or disapproval, or sometimes agreement, depending on the tenor of expression
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ala (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
alâ (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)
- Alternative form of wala
Adjective edit
alâ (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)
- Alternative form of wala
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
alá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)
Derived terms edit
Tokelauan edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Polynesian *hala. Cognates include Hawaiian ala and Samoan ala.
Noun edit
ala
Verb edit
ala
- (transitive) to result from
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Polynesian *qara. Cognates include Hawaiian ala and Samoan ala.
Verb edit
ala (plural feala)
- (stative) to be awake
- (stative) to be accurate
- (stative) to be sharp
- (stative, of watercraft) to be close to the wind
References edit
- R. Simona, editor (1986) Tokelau Dictionary[12], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 11
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala), from Proto-Turkic *āla (“variegated”).[1] Doublet of ela.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
ala
- multicolored, pied, variegated
- Clipping of alabalık (“trout”).
Derived terms edit
- alabalık (“trout”)
- alaca (“pied”)
- alaca karanlık (“dusk, twilight”)
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*āla”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “آلا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 179
Uneapa edit
Etymology edit
From earlier *lala via dissimilation (compare Muduapa lala), from Proto-Oceanic *kilala via truncation, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilala, from Proto-Austronesian *kilala.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ala
- to know
Further reading edit
- Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366
Veps edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
ala
Xhosa edit
Verb edit
-âla
- to refuse
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Yámana edit
Verb edit
ala
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
àlà
Etymology 2 edit
From à- (“nominalizing prefix”) + lá (“to dream”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
àlá
Derived terms edit
Zulu edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb edit
-âla
Inflection edit
Tone HH | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukwala | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukwala | ukungali | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yala | -ale | |||||||
Plural | yalani | -aleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyala, ngala | engalayo, engala | ngala | angali | engingali | ngingali | |||
2nd singular | uyala, wala | owalayo, owala | wala | awali | ongali | ungali | |||
1st plural | siyala, sala | esalayo, esala | sala | asali | esingali | singali | |||
2nd plural | niyala, nala | enalayo, enala | nala | anali | eningali | ningali | |||
Class 1 | uyala, wala | owalayo, owala | ala | akali | ongali | engali | |||
Class 2 | bayala, bala | abalayo, abala | bala | abali | abangali | bengali | |||
Class 3 | uyala, wala | owalayo, owala | wala | awali | ongali | ungali | |||
Class 4 | iyala, yala | eyalayo, eyala | yala | ayali | engali | ingali | |||
Class 5 | liyala, lala | elalayo, elala | lala | alali | elingali | lingali | |||
Class 6 | ayala, ala | alayo, ala | ala | awali | angali | engali | |||
Class 7 | siyala, sala | esalayo, esala | sala | asali | esingali | singali | |||
Class 8 | ziyala, zala | ezalayo, ezala | zala | azali | ezingali | zingali | |||
Class 9 | iyala, yala | eyalayo, eyala | yala | ayali | engali | ingali | |||
Class 10 | ziyala, zala | ezalayo, ezala | zala | azali | ezingali | zingali | |||
Class 11 | luyala, lwala | olwalayo, olwala | lwala | alwali | olungali | lungali | |||
Class 14 | buyala, bala | obalayo, obala | bala | abali | obungali | bungali | |||
Class 15 | kuyala, kwala | okwalayo, okwala | kwala | akwali | okungali | kungali | |||
Class 17 | kuyala, kwala | okwalayo, okwala | kwala | akwali | okungali | kungali | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngalile, ngalē | engalile, engalē | ngalile, ngalē | angalanga | engingalanga | ngingalanga | |||
2nd singular | walile, walē | owalile, owalē | walile, walē | awalanga | ongalanga | ungalanga | |||
1st plural | salile, salē | esalile, esalē | salile, salē | asalanga | esingalanga | singalanga | |||
2nd plural | nalile, nalē | enalile, enalē | nalile, nalē | analanga | eningalanga | ningalanga | |||
Class 1 | walile, walē | owalile, owalē | alile, alē | akalanga | ongalanga | engalanga | |||
Class 2 | balile, balē | abalile, abalē | balile, balē | abalanga | abangalanga | bengalanga | |||
Class 3 | walile, walē | owalile, owalē | walile, walē | awalanga | ongalanga | ungalanga | |||
Class 4 | yalile, yalē | eyalile, eyalē | yalile, yalē | ayalanga | engalanga | ingalanga | |||
Class 5 | lalile, lalē | elalile, elalē | lalile, lalē | alalanga | elingalanga | lingalanga | |||
Class 6 | alile, alē | alile, alē | alile, alē | awalanga | angalanga | engalanga | |||
Class 7 | salile, salē | esalile, esalē | salile, salē | asalanga | esingalanga | singalanga | |||
Class 8 | zalile, zalē | ezalile, ezalē | zalile, zalē | azalanga | ezingalanga | zingalanga | |||
Class 9 | yalile, yalē | eyalile, eyalē | yalile, yalē | ayalanga | engalanga | ingalanga | |||
Class 10 | zalile, zalē | ezalile, ezalē | zalile, zalē | azalanga | ezingalanga | zingalanga | |||
Class 11 | lwalile, lwalē | olwalile, olwalē | lwalile, lwalē | alwalanga | olungalanga | lungalanga | |||
Class 14 | balile, balē | obalile, obalē | balile, balē | abalanga | obungalanga | bungalanga | |||
Class 15 | kwalile, kwalē | okwalile, okwalē | kwalile, kwalē | akwalanga | okungalanga | kungalanga | |||
Class 17 | kwalile, kwalē | okwalile, okwalē | kwalile, kwalē | akwalanga | okungalanga | kungalanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāla | engāla | ngāla | angalanga | engingalanga | ngingalanga | |||
2nd singular | wāla | owāla | wāla | awalanga | ongalanga | ungalanga | |||
1st plural | sāla | esāla | sāla | asalanga | esingalanga | singalanga | |||
2nd plural | nāla | enāla | nāla | analanga | eningalanga | ningalanga | |||
Class 1 | wāla | owāla | āla | akalanga | ongalanga | engalanga | |||
Class 2 | bāla | abāla | bāla | abalanga | abangalanga | bengalanga | |||
Class 3 | wāla | owāla | wāla | awalanga | ongalanga | ungalanga | |||
Class 4 | yāla | eyāla | yāla | ayalanga | engalanga | ingalanga | |||
Class 5 | lāla | elāla | lāla | alalanga | elingalanga | lingalanga | |||
Class 6 | āla | āla | āla | awalanga | angalanga | engalanga | |||
Class 7 | sāla | esāla | sāla | asalanga | esingalanga | singalanga | |||
Class 8 | zāla | ezāla | zāla | azalanga | ezingalanga | zingalanga | |||
Class 9 | yāla | eyāla | yāla | ayalanga | engalanga | ingalanga | |||
Class 10 | zāla | ezāla | zāla | azalanga | ezingalanga | zingalanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāla | olwāla | lwāla | alwalanga | olungalanga | lungalanga | |||
Class 14 | bāla | obāla | bāla | abalanga | obungalanga | bungalanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāla | okwāla | kwāla | akwalanga | okungalanga | kungalanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāla | okwāla | kwāla | akwalanga | okungalanga | kungalanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingala | — | ngingala | ngingale | — | ngingale | |||
2nd singular | ungala | — | ungala | ungale | — | ungale | |||
1st plural | singala | — | singala | singale | — | singale | |||
2nd plural | ningala | — | ningala | ningale | — | ningale | |||
Class 1 | angala | — | engala | angale | — | engale | |||
Class 2 | bangala | — | bengala | bangale | — | bengale | |||
Class 3 | ungala | — | ungala | ungale | — | ungale | |||
Class 4 | ingala | — | ingala | ingale | — | ingale | |||
Class 5 | lingala | — | lingala | lingale | — | lingale | |||
Class 6 | angala | — | engala | angale | — | engale | |||
Class 7 | singala | — | singala | singale | — | singale | |||
Class 8 | zingala | — | zingala | zingale | — | zingale | |||
Class 9 | ingala | — | ingala | ingale | — | ingale | |||
Class 10 | zingala | — | zingala | zingale | — | zingale | |||
Class 11 | lungala | — | lungala | lungale | — | lungale | |||
Class 14 | bungala | — | bungala | bungale | — | bungale | |||
Class 15 | kungala | — | kungala | kungale | — | kungale | |||
Class 17 | kungala | — | kungala | kungale | — | kungale | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokwala | engizokwala | ngizokwala | angizukwala | engingezukwala | ngingezukwala | |||
2nd singular | uzokwala | ozokwala | uzokwala | awuzukwala | ongezukwala | ungezukwala | |||
1st plural | sizokwala | esizokwala | sizokwala | asizukwala | esingezukwala | singezukwala | |||
2nd plural | nizokwala | enizokwala | nizokwala | anizukwala | eningezukwala | ningezukwala | |||
Class 1 | uzokwala | ozokwala | ezokwala | akazukwala | ongezukwala | engezukwala | |||
Class 2 | bazokwala | abazokwala | bezokwala | abazukwala | abangezukwala | bengezukwala | |||
Class 3 | uzokwala | ozokwala | uzokwala | awuzukwala | ongezukwala | ungezukwala | |||
Class 4 | izokwala | ezokwala | izokwala | ayizukwala | engezukwala | ingezukwala | |||
Class 5 | lizokwala | elizokwala | lizokwala | alizukwala | elingezukwala | lingezukwala | |||
Class 6 | azokwala | azokwala | ezokwala | awazukwala | angezukwala | engezukwala | |||
Class 7 | sizokwala | esizokwala | sizokwala | asizukwala | esingezukwala | singezukwala | |||
Class 8 | zizokwala | ezizokwala | zizokwala | azizukwala | ezingezukwala | zingezukwala | |||
Class 9 | izokwala | ezokwala | izokwala | ayizukwala | engezukwala | ingezukwala | |||
Class 10 | zizokwala | ezizokwala | zizokwala | azizukwala | ezingezukwala | zingezukwala | |||
Class 11 | luzokwala | oluzokwala | luzokwala | aluzukwala | olungezukwala | lungezukwala | |||
Class 14 | buzokwala | obuzokwala | buzokwala | abuzukwala | obungezukwala | bungezukwala | |||
Class 15 | kuzokwala | okuzokwala | kuzokwala | akuzukwala | okungezukwala | kungezukwala | |||
Class 17 | kuzokwala | okuzokwala | kuzokwala | akuzukwala | okungezukwala | kungezukwala | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokwala | engiyokwala | ngiyokwala | angiyukwala | engingeyukwala | ngingeyukwala | |||
2nd singular | uyokwala | oyokwala | uyokwala | awuyukwala | ongeyukwala | ungeyukwala | |||
1st plural | siyokwala | esiyokwala | siyokwala | asiyukwala | esingeyukwala | singeyukwala | |||
2nd plural | niyokwala | eniyokwala | niyokwala | aniyukwala | eningeyukwala | ningeyukwala | |||
Class 1 | uyokwala | oyokwala | eyokwala | akayukwala | ongeyukwala | engeyukwala | |||
Class 2 | bayokwala | abayokwala | beyokwala | abayukwala | abangeyukwala | bengeyukwala | |||
Class 3 | uyokwala | oyokwala | uyokwala | awuyukwala | ongeyukwala | ungeyukwala | |||
Class 4 | iyokwala | eyokwala | iyokwala | ayiyukwala | engeyukwala | ingeyukwala | |||
Class 5 | liyokwala | eliyokwala | liyokwala | aliyukwala | elingeyukwala | lingeyukwala | |||
Class 6 | ayokwala | ayokwala | eyokwala | awayukwala | angeyukwala | engeyukwala | |||
Class 7 | siyokwala | esiyokwala | siyokwala | asiyukwala | esingeyukwala | singeyukwala | |||
Class 8 | ziyokwala | eziyokwala | ziyokwala | aziyukwala | ezingeyukwala | zingeyukwala | |||
Class 9 | iyokwala | eyokwala | iyokwala | ayiyukwala | engeyukwala | ingeyukwala | |||
Class 10 | ziyokwala | eziyokwala | ziyokwala | aziyukwala | ezingeyukwala | zingeyukwala | |||
Class 11 | luyokwala | oluyokwala | luyokwala | aluyukwala | olungeyukwala | lungeyukwala | |||
Class 14 | buyokwala | obuyokwala | buyokwala | abuyukwala | obungeyukwala | bungeyukwala | |||
Class 15 | kuyokwala | okuyokwala | kuyokwala | akuyukwala | okungeyukwala | kungeyukwala | |||
Class 17 | kuyokwala | okuyokwala | kuyokwala | akuyukwala | okungeyukwala | kungeyukwala | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngale | ngingali | |||||||
2nd singular | wale | ungali | |||||||
1st plural | sale | singali | |||||||
2nd plural | nale | ningali | |||||||
Class 1 | ale | angali | |||||||
Class 2 | bale | bangali | |||||||
Class 3 | wale | ungali | |||||||
Class 4 | yale | ingali | |||||||
Class 5 | lale | lingali | |||||||
Class 6 | ale | angali | |||||||
Class 7 | sale | singali | |||||||
Class 8 | zale | zingali | |||||||
Class 9 | yale | ingali | |||||||
Class 10 | zale | zingali | |||||||
Class 11 | lwale | lungali | |||||||
Class 14 | bale | bungali | |||||||
Class 15 | kwale | kungali | |||||||
Class 17 | kwale | kungali | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngala | ngangala, angala, angangala | |||||||
2nd singular | wala | wangala, awala, awangala | |||||||
1st plural | sala | sangala, asala, asangala | |||||||
2nd plural | nala | nangala, anala, anangala | |||||||
Class 1 | wala | wangala, akala, akangala | |||||||
Class 2 | bala | bangala, abala, abangala | |||||||
Class 3 | wala | wangala, awala, awangala | |||||||
Class 4 | yala | yangala, ayala, ayangala | |||||||
Class 5 | lala | langala, alala, alangala | |||||||
Class 6 | ala | angala, awala, awangala | |||||||
Class 7 | sala | sangala, asala, asangala | |||||||
Class 8 | zala | zangala, azala, azangala | |||||||
Class 9 | yala | yangala, ayala, ayangala | |||||||
Class 10 | zala | zangala, azala, azangala | |||||||
Class 11 | lwala | lwangala, alwala, alwangala | |||||||
Class 14 | bala | bangala, abala, abangala | |||||||
Class 15 | kwala | kwangala, akwala, akwangala | |||||||
Class 17 | kwala | kwangala, akwala, akwangala |
Derived terms edit
- -alela (applicative)
- -alisa (causative)
- -alayala (diminutive)
- -alisisa (intensive)
- -aleka (neuter-passive)
- -aliwa (passive)
- -alana (reciprocal)
References edit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ala”