Wiktionary

ala

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ala"

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

 
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Originated 1730–40, borrowed from Latin āla (“wing”). Doublet of aisle.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala (plural alae or alæ)

  1. (anatomy) A wing or winglike anatomic process or part, especially of bone.
  2. (botany) The flattened border of some stems, fruits, and seeds, or one of the two side petals of certain flowers in the pea family.
  3. (architecture) In ancient Rome, a small room opening into a larger room or courtyard.
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from French à la, by way of its English derivation a la.

PrepositionEdit

ala

  1. (colloquial) Alternative form of a la.
    • 2006, “Archived copy”, in WorstPreviews.com‎[3], archived from the original on 7 June 2020:
      The film is told in reverse ala Memento.
    • 2008 November 14, admin, “Quantum of Solace”, in Film Threat‎[4]:
      […] interactive plasma screens with flashing digits and what not, ala “Minority Report,” […]
    • 2011 March 11, Aaron Blake; Chris Cillizza, “Palin: The GOP's Pelosi?”, in The Fix‎[5]:
      […] we might be getting to the point where Palin is a bona fide liability—ala Pelosi—for the GOP.
    • 2011 April 11, Charles Gasparino, “Duncan Niederauer Calling the Shots for NYSE Is Bad News for Shareholders”, in HuffPost‎[6]:
      […] the NYSE didn't implode ala Merrill […]

ReferencesEdit

AnagramsEdit

AfarEdit

Etymology 1Edit

 
Ala (1.1).

Related to Saho aluula.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈala/, [ˈʔʌlʌ]
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

NounEdit

ála m (plural alluwwá f or alwá f)

  1. animal, wild animal
  2. European, white person (clarification of this definition is needed)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ála
absolutive ála
predicative ála
subjective alí
genitive alí
Postpositioned forms
l-case álal
k-case álak
t-case álat
h-case álah
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

 
Ala (2).

Related to Somali hal.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /aˈla/, [ʔʌˈlʌ]
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

NounEdit

alá f (masculine rakúb, plural aloolí f)

  1. female camel
DeclensionEdit
Declension of alá
absolutive alá
predicative alá
subjective alá
genitive alá
Postpositioned forms
l-case alál
k-case alák
t-case alát
h-case aláh
HypernymsEdit
See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 37
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 24
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[7], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

AsturianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin āla (“wing”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala f (plural ales)

  1. wing
  2. fin
    Synonym: aleta

AzerbaijaniEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Turkic *āla.[1]

AdjectiveEdit

ala (comparative daha ala, superlative ən ala)

  1. variegated
  2. (poetic) blue (of eyes)
    ala gözlər ― blue eyes
Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

ala (definite accusative alanı, plural alalar)

  1. vitiligo (the patchy loss of skin pigmentation.)
DeclensionEdit
    Declension of ala
singular plural
nominative ala
 alalar
definite accusative alanı
 alaları
dative alaya
 alalara
locative alada
 alalarda
ablative aladan
 alalardan
definite genitive alanın
 alaların
    Possessive forms of ala
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) alam alalarım
sənin (“your”) alan alaların
onun (“his/her/its”) alası alaları
bizim (“our”) alamız alalarımız
sizin (“your”) alanız alalarınız
onların (“their”) alası or alaları alaları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) alamı alalarımı
sənin (“your”) alanı alalarını
onun (“his/her/its”) alasını alalarını
bizim (“our”) alamızı alalarımızı
sizin (“your”) alanızı alalarınızı
onların (“their”) alasını or alalarını alalarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) alama alalarıma
sənin (“your”) alana alalarına
onun (“his/her/its”) alasına alalarına
bizim (“our”) alamıza alalarımıza
sizin (“your”) alanıza alalarınıza
onların (“their”) alasına or alalarına alalarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) alamda alalarımda
sənin (“your”) alanda alalarında
onun (“his/her/its”) alasında alalarında
bizim (“our”) alamızda alalarımızda
sizin (“your”) alanızda alalarınızda
onların (“their”) alasında or alalarında alalarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) alamdan alalarımdan
sənin (“your”) alandan alalarından
onun (“his/her/its”) alasından alalarından
bizim (“our”) alamızdan alalarımızdan
sizin (“your”) alanızdan alalarınızdan
onların (“their”) alasından or alalarından alalarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) alamın alalarımın
sənin (“your”) alanın alalarının
onun (“his/her/its”) alasının alalarının
bizim (“our”) alamızın alalarımızın
sizin (“your”) alanızın alalarınızın
onların (“their”) alasının or alalarının alalarının

Etymology 2Edit

Likely from ay bala.

InterjectionEdit

ala

  1. dude
    Ala, nə eləyirsən?! ― Dude, what are you doing?!

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*āla”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

BaouleEdit

NounEdit

ala

  1. iroko (Milicia excelsa, syn. Chlorophora excelsa[1][2])

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Kerharo, J.; Bouquet, A. (1950) Plantes médicinales et toxiques de la Côte-d’Ivoire - Haute-Volta‎[1] (in French), Paris: Vigot Frères, page 131
  2. ^ Irvine, F. R. (1961) Woody Plants of Ghana: With Special Reference to Their Uses‎[2], London: Oxford University Press, page 427

BasqueEdit

EtymologyEdit

Presumably from Proto-Basque *aLa.[1]

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

ala

  1. or (exclusive)

Usage notesEdit

The conjunction ala is an exclusive or, while edo is an inclusive or. For instance, while Sagarrak edo udareak nahi al dituzu? and Sagarrak ala udareak nahi dituzu? are both correct, the former asks in a yes or no question if you want apples, pears, apples and pears, or nothing; while the latter asks which one you want, the apples, or the pears.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ “ala” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin āla (“wing”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala f (plural ales)

  1. wing (appendage that enables flight)

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

Further readingEdit

ChickasawEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

ala (active, short verb)

  1. (intransitive) to arrive, to come (I)
  2. (intransitive) to be born (I)
    Synonym: atta
  3. (intransitive) to be here, to get here (I)
  4. (transitive) to come to, to arrive at (I;3)

InflectionEdit

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Derived termsEdit

EstonianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *ala.

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

NounEdit

ala (genitive ala, partitive ala)

  1. area, territory, region
    Sellelt alalt on leitud palju rauda. ― A lot of iron has been found in this area.
  2. (in working life, in sciences) field
    Ainuke ala, mis mind huvitab, on ajalugu. ― The only field which interests me is history.
  3. (business) branch

DeclensionEdit

Inflection of ala (ÕS type 17u/sõna, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative ala alad
accusative ala alad
genitive ala alade
partitive ala alu
alasid
illative alla
alasse 		aladesse
alusse
inessive alas alades
alus
elative alast aladest
alust
allative alale aladele
alule
adessive alal aladel
alul
ablative alalt aladelt
alult
translative alaks aladeks
aluks
terminative alani aladeni
essive alana aladena
abessive alata aladeta
comitative alaga aladega

Further readingEdit

FaroeseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow”).

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

ala (third person singular past indicative ól, third person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

  1. (kvæði) to give birth to
  2. to foster
  3. to nourish
  4. to breed

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of ala (group v-58)
infinitive ala
supine alið
participle (a26)1 alandi alin
present past
first singular ali ól
second singular elur ól(st)
third singular elur ól
plural ala ólu
imperative
singular al!
plural alið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

FinnishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

See ala-; this stem was repurposed as a noun meaning "underside, lower side", from which the other senses have developed.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑlɑ/, [ˈɑ̝lɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
  • Syllabification(key): a‧la

NounEdit

ala

  1. area, field, domain (one's field of expertise or activity)
  2. (in working life, in sciences) field, discipline
  3. industry, sector, branch (business, studies, etc.)
  4. (mathematics) area
    Synonym: pinta-ala
  5. (archaic) underside
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of ala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative ala alat
genitive alan alojen
partitive alaa aloja
illative alaan aloihin
singular plural
nominative ala alat
accusative nom. ala alat
gen. alan
genitive alan alojen
alainrare
partitive alaa aloja
inessive alassa aloissa
elative alasta aloista
illative alaan aloihin
adessive alalla aloilla
ablative alalta aloilta
allative alalle aloille
essive alana aloina
translative alaksi aloiksi
instructive — aloin
abessive alatta aloitta
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of ala (type kala)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative alani alani
accusative nom. alani alani
gen. alani
genitive alani alojeni
alainirare
partitive alaani alojani
inessive alassani aloissani
elative alastani aloistani
illative alaani aloihini
adessive alallani aloillani
ablative alaltani aloiltani
allative alalleni aloilleni
essive alanani aloinani
translative alakseni aloikseni
instructive — —
abessive alattani aloittani
comitative — aloineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative alasi alasi
accusative nom. alasi alasi
gen. alasi
genitive alasi alojesi
alaisirare
partitive alaasi alojasi
inessive alassasi aloissasi
elative alastasi aloistasi
illative alaasi aloihisi
adessive alallasi aloillasi
ablative alaltasi aloiltasi
allative alallesi aloillesi
essive alanasi aloinasi
translative alaksesi aloiksesi
instructive — —
abessive alattasi aloittasi
comitative — aloinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative alamme alamme
accusative nom. alamme alamme
gen. alamme
genitive alamme alojemme
alaimmerare
partitive alaamme alojamme
inessive alassamme aloissamme
elative alastamme aloistamme
illative alaamme aloihimme
adessive alallamme aloillamme
ablative alaltamme aloiltamme
allative alallemme aloillemme
essive alanamme aloinamme
translative alaksemme aloiksemme
instructive — —
abessive alattamme aloittamme
comitative — aloinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative alanne alanne
accusative nom. alanne alanne
gen. alanne
genitive alanne alojenne
alainnerare
partitive alaanne alojanne
inessive alassanne aloissanne
elative alastanne aloistanne
illative alaanne aloihinne
adessive alallanne aloillanne
ablative alaltanne aloiltanne
allative alallenne aloillenne
essive alananne aloinanne
translative alaksenne aloiksenne
instructive — —
abessive alattanne aloittanne
comitative — aloinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative alansa alansa
accusative nom. alansa alansa
gen. alansa
genitive alansa alojensa
alainsarare
partitive alaansa alojaan
alojansa
inessive alassaan
alassansa 		aloissaan
aloissansa
elative alastaan
alastansa 		aloistaan
aloistansa
illative alaansa aloihinsa
adessive alallaan
alallansa 		aloillaan
aloillansa
ablative alaltaan
alaltansa 		aloiltaan
aloiltansa
allative alalleen
alallensa 		aloilleen
aloillensa
essive alanaan
alanansa 		aloinaan
aloinansa
translative alakseen
alaksensa 		aloikseen
aloiksensa
instructive — —
abessive alattaan
alattansa 		aloittaan
aloittansa
comitative — aloineen
aloinensa
Derived termsEdit
compounds

Further readingEdit

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑlɑˣ/, [ˈɑ̝lɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
  • Syllabification(key): a‧la

VerbEdit

ala

  1. present active indicative connegative of alkaa
  2. second-person singular present imperative of alkaa
  3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative of alkaa

GalicianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin āla. Compare the inherited á.

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing
    Synonym: á

Further readingEdit

HawaiianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Polynesian *hala, from Proto-Oceanic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala

  1. way, path, road

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • “ala” in the Hawaiian Dictionary, Revised and Enlarged Edition, University of Hawaii Press, 1986

HoyahoyaEdit

NounEdit

ala

  1. grandfather

ReferencesEdit

IcelandicEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow”).

VerbEdit

ala (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative ól, third-person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

  1. (with accusative) to bear, give birth to
  2. (with accusative) to foster
  3. (with accusative) to feed, nourish
ConjugationEdit
ala — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að ala
supine
(sagnbót) 		alið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		alandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég el við ölum present
(nútíð) 		ég ali við ölum
þú elur þið alið þú alir þið alið
hann, hún, það elur þeir, þær, þau ala hann, hún, það ali þeir, þær, þau ali
past
(þátíð) 		ég ól við ólum past
(þátíð) 		ég æli við ælum
þú ólst þið óluð þú ælir þið æluð
hann, hún, það ól þeir, þær, þau ólu hann, hún, það æli þeir, þær, þau ælu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		al (þú) alið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
aldu aliði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
alast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að alast
supine
(sagnbót) 		alist
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		alandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég elst við ölumst present
(nútíð) 		ég alist við ölumst
þú elst þið alist þú alist þið alist
hann, hún, það elst þeir, þær, þau alast hann, hún, það alist þeir, þær, þau alist
past
(þátíð) 		ég ólst við ólumst past
(þátíð) 		ég ælist við ælumst
þú ólst þið ólust þú ælist þið ælust
hann, hún, það ólst þeir, þær, þau ólust hann, hún, það ælist þeir, þær, þau ælust
imperative
(boðháttur) 		alst (þú) alist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
alstu alisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
alinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		alinn alin alið aldir aldar alin
accusative
(þolfall) 		alinn alda alið alda aldar alin
dative
(þágufall) 		öldum alinni öldu öldum öldum öldum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		alins alinnar alins alinna alinna alinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		aldi alda alda öldu öldu öldu
accusative
(þolfall) 		alda öldu alda öldu öldu öldu
dative
(þágufall) 		alda öldu alda öldu öldu öldu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		alda öldu alda öldu öldu öldu
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

NounEdit

ala

  1. indefinite genitive plural of alur

IgalaEdit

 
Álá

EtymologyEdit

Compare with Ebira àra, probably from Idoma ala, displaced native àgwùtọ̀

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

álá

  1. sheep
    Synonym: (obsolete) àgwùtọ̀
  2. (idiomatic, offensive) idiot, stupid person
    Synonyms: àgwùtọ̀, álá onẹ̀

Derived termsEdit

IgboEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Compare Yoruba alẹ̀

NounEdit

ala

  1. earth, land, soil, ground.

Derived termsEdit

IndonesianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [ˈala]
  • Hyphenation: ala

Etymology 1Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PrepositionEdit

ala

  1. Synonyms: khas, gaya
  2. (colloquial) a la, in the style or manner of.

Etymology 2Edit

From Arabic عَلَى‎ (ʕalā).

PrepositionEdit

ala

  1. on, over.
    Synonyms: atas, pada, kepada, akan

NounEdit

ala (first-person possessive alaku, second-person possessive alamu, third-person possessive alanya)

  1. (law) land with the owner or descendants still have the main rights in that land.

Etymology 3Edit

From Arabic أَعْلَى‎ (ʔaʕlā).

AdjectiveEdit

ala

  1. high.
    Synonym: tinggi

Further readingEdit

IrishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Middle Irish athlad.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala

  1. Only used in phrases; see Derived terms below

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈa.la/
  • Rhymes: -ala
  • Hyphenation: à‧la

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin āla.

NounEdit

ala f (plural ali or (archaic or poetic) ale)

  1. wing
    Synonym: alia (archaic, slang)
Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

ala

  1. inflection of alare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

JaraiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaR, from Proto-Austronesian *SulaR.

NounEdit

ala (classifier drơi)

  1. snake

JavaneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Javanese hala.

AdjectiveEdit

ala

  1. bad
  2. ugly

KapampanganEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • la (text messaging)

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Central Philippine *wadaq, from Proto-Philippine *wada (“to be, exist”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.

PronunciationEdit

  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • IPA(key): /əˈlaʔ/, [əˈläʔ]

PronounEdit

alâ

  1. nothing; no one; none; nonexistent

AdjectiveEdit

alâ

  1. missing; absent; gone; lost
    Synonyms: liban, bating, lili
  2. (euphemistic) dead
    Synonym: mete

LadinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From a +‎ la.

ContractionEdit

ala

  1. at or to the (+ feminine singular noun)

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

āla f (genitive ālae); first declension

  1. A wing.
  2. (anatomy) The upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit.
  3. (zoology) The hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder blade.
  4. (botany) The hollow where a limb joins the trunk of a tree.
  5. (architecture) The wings off the main room, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, waiting areas, the collonades.
  6. (military) The wing of an army, cavalry force (usually deployed on an army's flank).

InflectionEdit

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative āla ālae
Genitive ālae ālārum
Dative ālae ālīs
Accusative ālam ālās
Ablative ālā ālīs
Vocative āla ālae

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Descendants of ala in other languages
  • Asturian: ala
  • Catalan: ala
  • Dalmatian: jal
  • → English: ala, ali-
  • → Esperanto: alo
  • Friulian: ale
  • → Galician: ala
  • Italian: ala
  • Ligurian: âa
  • Occitan: ala
  • Old French: aile
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: aa
    • Galician: á
    • Portuguese: á
  • → Portuguese: ala
  • Romansch: ala, ela
  • Sardinian: aba, ala, àua
  • Sicilian: ala
  • Spanish: ala
  • Venetian: ała

ReferencesEdit

  • ala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • ala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ala in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • ala in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ala in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

LatvianEdit

 ala on Latvian Wikipedia
 
Ala (1)
 
Trušu ala (2)

EtymologyEdit

The usual theory considers ala to be borrowed from Middle Low German hol (“depth, hole, cave”), from Old Saxon hol, or maybe from the same form in Middle Dutch or German Low German (East Frisian); cf. German Höhle (“cave”), all from Proto-West Germanic *hol.

A different view suggests that ala could also be a reflex of an old Proto-Indo-European stem *h₁el-, *ol-, *al- (“to flow, to drain”) with various Baltic reflexes: dialectal alots, alogs, standard avots (“(water) source”), alksna, aluksna (“miry, swampy place”) (cf. place names like Alūksne, Alūkstes), Lithuanian alė́ti (“to flow, to drip”). The original meaning of ala would thus have been “(water) source”, from which “place (e.g., cave, rift, pit) from which water springs,” and finally simply “cave,” possibly under the influence of the aforementioned Germanic words.[1]

PronunciationEdit

(file)

NounEdit

ala f (4th declension)

  1. cave (space or cavity formed underground, especially between rocks, or in the face of a cliff or hillside)
    klinšu alas ― rock caves
    pazemes ala ― subterranean cave
    alu labirinti ― cave labyrinths
    alu cilvēks ― caveman
    alu zīmējumi ― cave drawings, paintings
    Abhāzijā atrodas ala, kuras labirinti ir vairāk nekā trīs kilometrus gari ― in Abkhazia there is a cave with labyrinths longer than three kilometers
  2. burrow, hole, lair, den (the dwelling of some animals, in the form of a cavity with one or many exits)
    peles, lapsas alas ― mice, fox holes
    āpšu, trušu alas ― badger, rabbit holes, burrows
    rakt alu ― to dig a hole, burrow
    nekā sevišķa tur neredzēja, izņemot nelielu caurumu zemē... likās tā kā kurmja ala ― there was nothing special to see there, except a small whole on the ground... it seemed to be a molehill (lit. hole)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ala (4th declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs) ala alas
accusative (akuzatīvs) alu alas
genitive (ģenitīvs) alas alu
dative (datīvs) alai alām
instrumental (instrumentālis) alu alām
locative (lokatīvs) alā alās
vocative (vokatīvs) ala alas

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ala”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

LazEdit

ConjunctionEdit

ala

  1. Latin spelling of ალა (ala)

MalagasyEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas, from Proto-Austronesian *Salas. Cognate with Balinese ᬳᬮᬲ᭄ (alas), Javanese ꦲꦭꦱ꧀ (alas).

NounEdit

ala

  1. forest

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Austronesian *alaq (“fetch; get; take”).

AdverbEdit

ala

  1. without; freed from; removed from

MalayEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

ala (Jawi spelling الا‎ or على‎)

  1. like
  2. according to
  3. on

ReferencesEdit

MirandeseEdit

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing
  2. (nautical) sail

North WahgiEdit

NounEdit

ala

  1. mistake

ReferencesEdit

Northern KurdishEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala m (Arabic spelling ئالا‎)

  1. Alternative form of al (“flag, banner”)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ala
Definite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative ala ala
Construct alayê alayên
Oblique alayî alayan
Demonstrative oblique wî alayî wan alayan
Vocative alayo alayino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative alayek alayin
Construct alayekî alayine
Oblique alayekî alayinan

ReferencesEdit

  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ala”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 5

Northern NdebeleEdit

VerbEdit

-ála

  1. to refuse

InflectionEdit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Northern SamiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Samic *ëlëk.

PronunciationEdit

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈala/

AdverbEdit

ala

  1. over
  2. on, on top

Derived termsEdit

  • alcces-, alcce-, allas- (locative stems of ieš (“self”))

PostpositionEdit

ala

  1. over
  2. on, onto, on top of

Further readingEdit

  • Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[8], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian NynorskEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi.

Alternative formsEdit

VerbEdit

ala (present tense aler or el, past tense alte or ol, past participle alt or ale, present participle alande, imperative al)

  1. to foster

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

NounEdit

ala

  1. definite plural of al

ReferencesEdit

OccitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin āla.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing

Old High GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *ālu. Cognates include Old English æl and Old Norse alr.

NounEdit

āla f

  1. awl

DescendantsEdit

Old NorseEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi, from *h₂el- (“to raise, feed, nourish”). Cognate with Old English alan and Latin alō.

VerbEdit

ala (singular present indicative elr, singular past indicative ól, plural past indicative ólu, past participle alinn)

  1. to produce
  2. to testify
  3. to breed
  4. to nourish
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of ala — active (strong class 6)
infinitive ala
present participle alandi
past participle alinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular el ól
2nd-person singular elr ólt
3rd-person singular elr ól
1st-person plural ǫlum ólum
2nd-person plural alið óluð
3rd-person plural ala ólu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular ala ǿla
2nd-person singular alir ǿlir
3rd-person singular ali ǿli
1st-person plural alim ǿlim
2nd-person plural alið ǿlið
3rd-person plural ali ǿli
imperative present
2nd-person singular al
1st-person plural ǫlum
2nd-person plural alið
Conjugation of ala — mediopassive (strong class 6)
infinitive alask
present participle alandisk
past participle alizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular ǫlumk ólumk
2nd-person singular elsk ólzk
3rd-person singular elsk ólsk
1st-person plural ǫlumsk ólumsk
2nd-person plural alizk óluzk
3rd-person plural alask ólusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular ǫlumk ǿlumk
2nd-person singular alisk ǿlisk
3rd-person singular alisk ǿlisk
1st-person plural alimsk ǿlimsk
2nd-person plural alizk ǿlizk
3rd-person plural alisk ǿlisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular alsk
1st-person plural ǫlumsk
2nd-person plural alizk
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

NounEdit

ala

  1. indefinite genitive plural of alr

ReferencesEdit

  • ala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin āla.

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing (limb)
    • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 67v. a.
      la ṕmera ſemeiaua leon e auie alas de aguila ueye q́ meſauan ſus alas e cayen atierra e ſobre ſos piedes como oḿe se leuátaua
      The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I saw its wings torn off and fall to the ground so that it stood on its feet like a man.
DescendantsEdit
  • Ladino: ala (Latin spelling)
  • Spanish: ala

Etymology 2Edit

A contraction of a (“to, toward, in, at”) + la (“the”); the feminine singular definite article.

ContractionEdit

ala (plural alas)

  1. (followed by a singular feminine noun) to the, toward the
    • c1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. b.
      Loth ouo miedo de ſeer en segor esubio alas mótánas có sus. ij. fijas. estido é una cueua có sus. ij. fijas. edixo la maior ala menor. nŕo padre es uyeio eno nos podremos caſar. com es derecho.
      Loth was afriad to stay in Zoar, so he moved to the mountains with his two daughters. There he lived in a cave with his two daughters; then older [daughter] said to the younger: "Our father is old, and [here] we cannot marry as is the custom."
  2. (followed by a singular feminine noun) in the, at the
    • c1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. a.
      eſtos angeles có q́ fablo abraã. vinieron a ſodoma e loth ſedia ala puerta de la cibdat. e violos & leuátos cótra ellõ.
      These angels to whom Abraham spoke came to Sodom, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. And he saw them and got up to meet them.
Related termsEdit

PapiamentuEdit

Alternative formsEdit

 
  • hala (alternative spelling)

EtymologyEdit

From Portuguese ala and Spanish ala.

NounEdit

ala

  1. wing

PolishEdit

 
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

EtymologyEdit

Learned borrowing from Latin āla.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala f

  1. (historical, Ancient Rome) ala (Roman allied military unit)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ala
singular plural
nominative ala ale
genitive ali al
dative ali alom
accusative alę ale
instrumental alą alami
locative ali alach
vocative alo ale

Further readingEdit

  • ala in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ala in Polish dictionaries at PWN

PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Rhymes: -alɐ
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

Etymology 1Edit

Learned borrowing from Latin āla. Compare the inherited doublet á.

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. a flank
    1. (military) a flank unit
    2. (sports) wing (position on either side of the field)
  2. (chiefly politics) faction (ideologically distinct group within an organisation)
  3. a row among a larger group of people or things
    1. (military) a rank or file of soldiers
    2. (Brazil) a subdivision of a carnival block consisting of similarly themed participants
  4. (architecture) wing (part of a building that extends from the main structure)
  5. (chess) each player’s half of the chessboard
  6. (dated) wing (part of an animal)

NounEdit

ala m or f by sense (plural alas)

  1. (sports) wing; winger (player in a wing position)
  2. (aviation) wingman (support pilot in a squadron)
Related termsEdit

InterjectionEdit

ala!

  1. out! (demanding that someone leave)
    Synonym: fora

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

ala

  1. inflection of alar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

PukapukanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Polynesian *hala, from Proto-Oceanic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

NounEdit

ala

  1. path, way, lane, track

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

RadeEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Chamic *ʔular, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala

  1. snake

RomanschEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin āla.

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) wing
  2. mouldboard

Serbo-CroatianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

àla (Cyrillic spelling а̀ла)

  1. (used for emphasis, or as an intensifier) expression of awe, surprise, dismay, etc.
    Ala je bilo lijepo! ― It sure was nice!
    Ala lažeš! ― Oh, you're lying!

Etymology 2Edit

From Ottoman Turkish آلا‎ (ala, “spotted, variegated”).

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

ála or àla or ȁla (Cyrillic spelling а́ла or а̀ла or а̏ла) (indeclinable)

  1. piebald, spotted

Etymology 3Edit

From Proto-Slavic *xala, unless borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آلا‎ (ala, “spotted, variegated”), euphemistic for a snake.

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

ála or àla or ȁla f (Cyrillic spelling а́ла or а̀ла or а̏ла)

  1. dragon, type of mythical creature similar to dragon
See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Knüppel, Michael (2009), “Zu serbo-kroatisch hȁla ∼ ȁla ‘Drache’”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎[9] (in German), volume 55, pages 179–183

SicilianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Latin āla.

NounEdit

ala f (plural ali)

  1. wing

ReferencesEdit

  • Traina, Antonino (1868), “ala”, in Nuovo vocabolario Siciliano-Italiano [New Sicilian-Italian vocabulary] (in Italian), Liber Liber, published 2020, page 179

Southern NdebeleEdit

VerbEdit

-ála

  1. to refuse

InflectionEdit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Spanish ala (compare Ladino ala), from Latin āla.

NounEdit

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing (of bird)
  2. wing (of aircraft)
  3. brim (of hat)
  4. (military) flank (of a formation)
  5. (sports) wing (part of the field)
  6. (in the plural) flip, wings (hairstyle)

NounEdit

ala m or f by sense (plural alas)

  1. (sports) winger
Usage notesEdit
  • Feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ like this one regularly take the singular articles el and un, usually reserved for masculine nouns.
    el ala, un ala
  • They maintain the usual feminine singular articles la and una if an adjective intervenes between the article and the noun.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

InterjectionEdit

ala

  1. Alternative spelling of hala

Further readingEdit

Sranan TongoEdit

PronounEdit

ala

  1. everything

SwahiliEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Arabic آلَة‎ (ʔāla).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ala (n class, plural ala)

  1. tool, instrument
    Synonym: kifaa
  2. sheath, scabbard

ReferencesEdit

  • Baldi, Sergio (2020-11-30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 20 No. 133

SwaziEdit

VerbEdit

-ála

  1. to refuse

InflectionEdit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

TagalogEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • IPA(key): /ʔaˈla/, [ʔɐˈla]

InterjectionEdit

alá

  1. (dialectal) expressing negation or disapproval, or sometimes agreement, depending on the tenor of expression
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from Spanish ala.

PronunciationEdit

  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • IPA(key): /ˈʔala/, [ˈʔa.lɐ]

NounEdit

ala

  1. (uncommon) wing
    Synonyms: pakpak, bagwis
  2. (architecture) extension of building sideways
See alsoEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Apheresis of wala.

PronunciationEdit

  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • IPA(key): /ʔaˈlaʔ/, [ʔɐˈlaʔ]

PronounEdit

alâ

  1. Alternative form of wala

AdjectiveEdit

alâ

  1. Alternative form of wala

TokelauanEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈa.la/
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

Etymology 1Edit

 
Te ala (1.1).

From Proto-Polynesian *hala. Cognates include Hawaiian ala and Samoan ala.

NounEdit

ala

  1. path, road
  2. reason, cause
  3. method, way
  4. transport
  5. working section of a mat
  6. (euphemistic) rectum

VerbEdit

ala

  1. (transitive) to result from
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Polynesian *qara. Cognates include Hawaiian ala and Samoan ala.

VerbEdit

ala (plural feala)

  1. (stative) to be awake
  2. (stative) to be accurate
  3. (stative) to be sharp
  4. (stative, of watercraft) to be close to the wind

ReferencesEdit

  • R. Simona, editor (1986) Tokelau Dictionary‎[10], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 11

TurkishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ottoman Turkish آلا‎ (ala), from Proto-Turkic *āla (“variegated”).[1] Doublet of ela.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ɑˈɫɑ/
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

AdjectiveEdit

ala

  1. multicolored, pied, variegated
  2. Clipping of alabalık (“trout”).

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*āla”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

UneapaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From earlier *lala via dissimilation (compare Muduapa lala), from Proto-Oceanic *kilala via truncation, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilala, from Proto-Austronesian *kilala.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

ala

  1. to know

Further readingEdit

  • Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366

VepsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Related to Finnish älä.

VerbEdit

ala

  1. second-person singular imperative of ei
  2. do not

XhosaEdit

VerbEdit

-âla

  1. to refuse

InflectionEdit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

YámanaEdit

VerbEdit

ala

  1. drink

YorubaEdit

Etymology 1Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

àlà

  1. purity, white cloth, a symbol of the god Ọbàtálá
    Synonym: ẹfun

Etymology 2Edit

From à- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ lá (“to dream”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

àlá

  1. dream, vision
Derived termsEdit

ZuluEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

VerbEdit

-âla

  1. to deny, refuse, decline
  2. to forbid
  3. to reject
  4. to refuse give [+ na- (object)]
  5. to hate, detest

InflectionEdit

Tone HH
Infinitive ukwala
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukwala ukungali
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yala -ale
Plural yalani -aleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyala, ngala engalayo, engala ngala angali engingali ngingali
2nd singular uyala, wala owalayo, owala wala awali ongali ungali
1st plural siyala, sala esalayo, esala sala asali esingali singali
2nd plural niyala, nala enalayo, enala nala anali eningali ningali
Class 1 uyala, wala owalayo, owala ala akali ongali engali
Class 2 bayala, bala abalayo, abala bala abali abangali bengali
Class 3 uyala, wala owalayo, owala wala awali ongali ungali
Class 4 iyala, yala eyalayo, eyala yala ayali engali ingali
Class 5 liyala, lala elalayo, elala lala alali elingali lingali
Class 6 ayala, ala alayo, ala ala awali angali engali
Class 7 siyala, sala esalayo, esala sala asali esingali singali
Class 8 ziyala, zala ezalayo, ezala zala azali ezingali zingali
Class 9 iyala, yala eyalayo, eyala yala ayali engali ingali
Class 10 ziyala, zala ezalayo, ezala zala azali ezingali zingali
Class 11 luyala, lwala olwalayo, olwala lwala alwali olungali lungali
Class 14 buyala, bala obalayo, obala bala abali obungali bungali
Class 15 kuyala, kwala okwalayo, okwala kwala akwali okungali kungali
Class 17 kuyala, kwala okwalayo, okwala kwala akwali okungali kungali
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngalile, ngalē engalile, engalē ngalile, ngalē angalanga engingalanga ngingalanga
2nd singular walile, walē owalile, owalē walile, walē awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
1st plural salile, salē esalile, esalē salile, salē asalanga esingalanga singalanga
2nd plural nalile, nalē enalile, enalē nalile, nalē analanga eningalanga ningalanga
Class 1 walile, walē owalile, owalē alile, alē akalanga ongalanga engalanga
Class 2 balile, balē abalile, abalē balile, balē abalanga abangalanga bengalanga
Class 3 walile, walē owalile, owalē walile, walē awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
Class 4 yalile, yalē eyalile, eyalē yalile, yalē ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 5 lalile, lalē elalile, elalē lalile, lalē alalanga elingalanga lingalanga
Class 6 alile, alē alile, alē alile, alē awalanga angalanga engalanga
Class 7 salile, salē esalile, esalē salile, salē asalanga esingalanga singalanga
Class 8 zalile, zalē ezalile, ezalē zalile, zalē azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 9 yalile, yalē eyalile, eyalē yalile, yalē ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 10 zalile, zalē ezalile, ezalē zalile, zalē azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 11 lwalile, lwalē olwalile, olwalē lwalile, lwalē alwalanga olungalanga lungalanga
Class 14 balile, balē obalile, obalē balile, balē abalanga obungalanga bungalanga
Class 15 kwalile, kwalē okwalile, okwalē kwalile, kwalē akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Class 17 kwalile, kwalē okwalile, okwalē kwalile, kwalē akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāla engāla ngāla angalanga engingalanga ngingalanga
2nd singular wāla owāla wāla awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
1st plural sāla esāla sāla asalanga esingalanga singalanga
2nd plural nāla enāla nāla analanga eningalanga ningalanga
Class 1 wāla owāla āla akalanga ongalanga engalanga
Class 2 bāla abāla bāla abalanga abangalanga bengalanga
Class 3 wāla owāla wāla awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
Class 4 yāla eyāla yāla ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 5 lāla elāla lāla alalanga elingalanga lingalanga
Class 6 āla āla āla awalanga angalanga engalanga
Class 7 sāla esāla sāla asalanga esingalanga singalanga
Class 8 zāla ezāla zāla azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 9 yāla eyāla yāla ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 10 zāla ezāla zāla azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 11 lwāla olwāla lwāla alwalanga olungalanga lungalanga
Class 14 bāla obāla bāla abalanga obungalanga bungalanga
Class 15 kwāla okwāla kwāla akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Class 17 kwāla okwāla kwāla akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingala — ngingala ngingale — ngingale
2nd singular ungala — ungala ungale — ungale
1st plural singala — singala singale — singale
2nd plural ningala — ningala ningale — ningale
Class 1 angala — engala angale — engale
Class 2 bangala — bengala bangale — bengale
Class 3 ungala — ungala ungale — ungale
Class 4 ingala — ingala ingale — ingale
Class 5 lingala — lingala lingale — lingale
Class 6 angala — engala angale — engale
Class 7 singala — singala singale — singale
Class 8 zingala — zingala zingale — zingale
Class 9 ingala — ingala ingale — ingale
Class 10 zingala — zingala zingale — zingale
Class 11 lungala — lungala lungale — lungale
Class 14 bungala — bungala bungale — bungale
Class 15 kungala — kungala kungale — kungale
Class 17 kungala — kungala kungale — kungale
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokwala engizokwala ngizokwala angizukwala engingezukwala ngingezukwala
2nd singular uzokwala ozokwala uzokwala awuzukwala ongezukwala ungezukwala
1st plural sizokwala esizokwala sizokwala asizukwala esingezukwala singezukwala
2nd plural nizokwala enizokwala nizokwala anizukwala eningezukwala ningezukwala
Class 1 uzokwala ozokwala ezokwala akazukwala ongezukwala engezukwala
Class 2 bazokwala abazokwala bezokwala abazukwala abangezukwala bengezukwala
Class 3 uzokwala ozokwala uzokwala awuzukwala ongezukwala ungezukwala
Class 4 izokwala ezokwala izokwala ayizukwala engezukwala ingezukwala
Class 5 lizokwala elizokwala lizokwala alizukwala elingezukwala lingezukwala
Class 6 azokwala azokwala ezokwala awazukwala angezukwala engezukwala
Class 7 sizokwala esizokwala sizokwala asizukwala esingezukwala singezukwala
Class 8 zizokwala ezizokwala zizokwala azizukwala ezingezukwala zingezukwala
Class 9 izokwala ezokwala izokwala ayizukwala engezukwala ingezukwala
Class 10 zizokwala ezizokwala zizokwala azizukwala ezingezukwala zingezukwala
Class 11 luzokwala oluzokwala luzokwala aluzukwala olungezukwala lungezukwala
Class 14 buzokwala obuzokwala buzokwala abuzukwala obungezukwala bungezukwala
Class 15 kuzokwala okuzokwala kuzokwala akuzukwala okungezukwala kungezukwala
Class 17 kuzokwala okuzokwala kuzokwala akuzukwala okungezukwala kungezukwala
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokwala engiyokwala ngiyokwala angiyukwala engingeyukwala ngingeyukwala
2nd singular uyokwala oyokwala uyokwala awuyukwala ongeyukwala ungeyukwala
1st plural siyokwala esiyokwala siyokwala asiyukwala esingeyukwala singeyukwala
2nd plural niyokwala eniyokwala niyokwala aniyukwala eningeyukwala ningeyukwala
Class 1 uyokwala oyokwala eyokwala akayukwala ongeyukwala engeyukwala
Class 2 bayokwala abayokwala beyokwala abayukwala abangeyukwala bengeyukwala
Class 3 uyokwala oyokwala uyokwala awuyukwala ongeyukwala ungeyukwala
Class 4 iyokwala eyokwala iyokwala ayiyukwala engeyukwala ingeyukwala
Class 5 liyokwala eliyokwala liyokwala aliyukwala elingeyukwala lingeyukwala
Class 6 ayokwala ayokwala eyokwala awayukwala angeyukwala engeyukwala
Class 7 siyokwala esiyokwala siyokwala asiyukwala esingeyukwala singeyukwala
Class 8 ziyokwala eziyokwala ziyokwala aziyukwala ezingeyukwala zingeyukwala
Class 9 iyokwala eyokwala iyokwala ayiyukwala engeyukwala ingeyukwala
Class 10 ziyokwala eziyokwala ziyokwala aziyukwala ezingeyukwala zingeyukwala
Class 11 luyokwala oluyokwala luyokwala aluyukwala olungeyukwala lungeyukwala
Class 14 buyokwala obuyokwala buyokwala abuyukwala obungeyukwala bungeyukwala
Class 15 kuyokwala okuyokwala kuyokwala akuyukwala okungeyukwala kungeyukwala
Class 17 kuyokwala okuyokwala kuyokwala akuyukwala okungeyukwala kungeyukwala
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngale ngingali
2nd singular wale ungali
1st plural sale singali
2nd plural nale ningali
Class 1 ale angali
Class 2 bale bangali
Class 3 wale ungali
Class 4 yale ingali
Class 5 lale lingali
Class 6 ale angali
Class 7 sale singali
Class 8 zale zingali
Class 9 yale ingali
Class 10 zale zingali
Class 11 lwale lungali
Class 14 bale bungali
Class 15 kwale kungali
Class 17 kwale kungali
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngala ngangala, angala, angangala
2nd singular wala wangala, awala, awangala
1st plural sala sangala, asala, asangala
2nd plural nala nangala, anala, anangala
Class 1 wala wangala, akala, akangala
Class 2 bala bangala, abala, abangala
Class 3 wala wangala, awala, awangala
Class 4 yala yangala, ayala, ayangala
Class 5 lala langala, alala, alangala
Class 6 ala angala, awala, awangala
Class 7 sala sangala, asala, asangala
Class 8 zala zangala, azala, azangala
Class 9 yala yangala, ayala, ayangala
Class 10 zala zangala, azala, azangala
Class 11 lwala lwangala, alwala, alwangala
Class 14 bala bangala, abala, abangala
Class 15 kwala kwangala, akwala, akwangala
Class 17 kwala kwangala, akwala, akwangala

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

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