gluds
Latvian edit
Alternative forms edit
- (dialectal form) glužs
Etymology edit
From the same stem as the verb glaust (“to smooth, to pet”) (q.v.): Proto-Indo-European *glewd-, *glūd, *glud (“to press, to smear, to stick”). An original Proto-Baltic u-stem *gludus was replaced in Latvian by a parallel o-stem form, from which came gluds, and a parallel yo-stem form, which gave rise to dialectal glužs, from which also the standard Latvian adverb gluži (“quite; completely”) (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian gludùs (“smooth, flat; sleek; lovely”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
| (file) |
Adjective edit
gluds (definite gludais, comparative gludāks, superlative visgludākais, adverb gludi)
- smooth (without much friction, without surface irregularities like bumps, holes, etc.)
- gluds ledus, papīrs, dēlis ― smooth ice, paper, board
- gludi oļi ― smooth pebbles
- gluda grīda ― smooth floor
- (of water surfaces) smooth (without waves)
- ugunskura dūmi lēni plūst pār gludo upes līmeni ― the campfire smoke slowly flows above the smooth river level
- (of faces, skin) smooth (without wrinkles, rash; also without hair, beard)
- gluda piere, seja ― smooth forehead, face
- gluds zods ― smooth chin
- (of hair, head) smooth, sleek (neatly, carefully combed, without curls)
- gludi mati ― smooth hair
- gluda galva ― smooth head (of hair)
- zirgam gludas krēpes ― the horse (has) a smooth mane
- (of language) smooth (flowing well, well written, without problems, with the right style)
- Krūmam ļoti patika tādi rakstnieki, kuriem gludi teikumi, visi komati un punkti, kā pienākas ― Krūms liked writers who had smooth sentences, (with) all commas and periods, as it should be
- (of events, actions) smooth (without problems, difficulties, failures)
- nav jau arī mana dzīve bijusi diezin cik gluda ― then again my life hasn't been hardly that smooth
Declension edit
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of gluds
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | gluds | gludi | gluda | gludas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | gludu | gludus | gludu | gludas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | gluda | gludu | gludas | gludu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | gludam | gludiem | gludai | gludām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | gludu | gludiem | gludu | gludām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | gludā | gludos | gludā | gludās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “gluds”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN