Egyptian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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iAt
iAt

 f

  1. mound, especially as a sacred site or location in the Afterworld [since the Pyramid Texts]
  2. ruin, mound of ruins
  3. cultivated land, fields [Greco-Roman Period]
  4. (chiefly in the plural, expressively) regions, lands, foreign lands [Greco-Roman Period]

Usage notes

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In late writings this word becomes confused with jw (island, lands, regions) and is often written identically.

Inflection

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Alternative forms

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Possibly, following Gardiner’s suggestion, ꜣꜣ (mound of ruins) may also be merely a variant writing of this word.

Derived terms

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Noun

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iAt
F37

 f

  1. (anatomy) spine, backbone [since the Old Kingdom]
  2. (anatomy, of humans or animals) back
  3. (figuratively) middle of a body of water (lake or river)

Inflection

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Alternative forms

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Descendants

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  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲱ⸗ (ōō⸗) (in ϩⲓⲱⲱ⸗ (hiōō⸗), pronominal state of ϩⲓ (hi))
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲧ⸗ (ōt⸗) (in ϩⲓⲱⲧ⸗ (hiōt⸗), pronominal state of ϩⲓ (hi))

Noun

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iAt
R12

 f

  1. standard for carrying cultic images and objects

Inflection

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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iAtM44

 f

  1. Part of a place name in the Afterworld. The meaning of this term is uncertain. [Pyramid Texts]
    • c. 2289 BCE – 2255 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi I — west wall of the corridor’s north section, line 25, spell 519.8:[1]
      wn
      n
      iiO31
      O31
      p t
      D6 D6
      z
      n
      X4
      iiO31
      O31
      iAt
      S
      M44Xrr
      t
      wny ꜥꜣwj ptr zny ꜥꜣwj jꜣt ẖrt
      Open, double doors of the Looking (Canal)! Open, double doors of the Lower jꜣt!
    • c. 2289 BCE – 2255 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi I — south wall of the vestibule, line 19, spell 539.84–85:[2]
      [[<
      ramrii
      >pwir]]iAtM44Xrr
      t
      HkA
      Y1
      [[pr
      r
      ii]]f
      r
      f
      S
      Swwiifr
      f
      ir
      p
      t
      pt
      [mry-rꜥ pw jr(j)] jꜣt ẖrt ḥkꜣ [pry].f r.f šwy.f r.f jr pt
      [Meryra is the one pertaining to] the Lower jꜣt of magic (or: the jꜣt possessing magic), so he [should go forth], so he should soar up to the sky.
    • c. 2255 BCE – 2246 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Merenre — east wall of the corridor’s middle section, line 38, spell 519.8:[3]
      M42
      n
      iiO31
      O31
      p
      t
      D6D6z
      n
      X4
      iiO31
      O31
      iAt
      S
      M44Xr
      r
      t
      wny ꜥꜣwj ptr zny ꜥꜣwj jꜣt ẖrt
      Open, double doors of the Looking (Canal)! Open, double doors of the Lower jꜣt!
    • c. 2246 BCE – 2152 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi II — east wall of the corridor’s middle section, line 36–37, spell 519.8:[4]
      M42
      n
      O31
      O31
      p t
      D6 D6
      z
      n
      X4
      iiO31
      O31
      iAt
      N36
      M44Xr
      r
      t
      wn ꜥꜣwj ptr zny ꜥꜣwj jꜣt ẖrt
      Open, double doors of the Looking (Canal)! Open, double doors of the Lower jꜣt!

Usage notes

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The above quotes constitute all the known attestations of this word.

Allen, in his translation of the Pyramid Texts, renders this word as ‘peak’, presumably identifying it with jꜣt (mound) above.[5] Shmakov disputes this reading and takes jꜣt ẖrt as a body of water based on the determinatives and a mention of š jꜣt (Lake of the Standard) found in the Coffin Texts (CT III, 204f), rendering it ‘Kherti’s standard lake’, but noting that a reading ‘lower standard’ is also possible.[6] In this case the term would be an extended use of jꜣt (cultic standard) above, in the role of a proper name. Shmakov notes in this regard that this word for ‘standard’ is also found written with the sign M44 in PT 254.39 (Pyr. 288c), W (see alternative forms under that term above).

Alternative forms

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Proper noun

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iAtmwt

 f

  1. Iat, a goddess who serves as nurse to the dead, likely a goddess of milk [Pyramid Texts and Old Kingdom]

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Noun

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iAt
N21
Z2

 m

  1. New Kingdom form of ꜣꜣ (mound of ruins)

References

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  1. ^ Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume IV, Providence: Brown University, PT 519.8 (Pyr. 1203c), P
  2. ^ Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 539.84–85 (Pyr. 1324c–1324d), P
  3. ^ Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume IV, Providence: Brown University, PT 519.8 (Pyr. 1203c), M
  4. ^ Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume IV, Providence: Brown University, PT 519.8 (Pyr. 1203c), N
  5. ^ Allen, James (2005) The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, page 160
  6. ^ Shmakov, Timofey T. (2012) Critical analysis of J.P. Allen’s «The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts»: Preliminary Results, page 314