standard
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English, from the Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Old Frankish *standhard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”), equivalent to stand + -ard. Alternative etymology derives the second element from Old Frankish *ord (“point, spot, place”) (compare Old English ord (“point, source, vanguard”), German Standort (“location, place, site, position, base”, literally “standing-point”)). More at stand, hard, ord.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈstændəd/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈstændəɹd/, [ˈsteəndɚd]
Audio (US) (file) - Hyphenation: stan‧dard
AdjectiveEdit
standard (comparative more standard, superlative most standard)
- Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.
- (of a tree or shrub) Growing alone as a free-standing plant; not trained on a post etc.
- 1863, Anthony Trollope, Rachel Ray:
- There are women who cannot grow alone as standard trees;—for whom the support and warmth of some wall, some paling, some post, is absolutely necessary […].
- 1863, Anthony Trollope, Rachel Ray:
- Having recognized excellence or authority.
- standard works in history; standard authors
- Of a usable or serviceable grade or quality.
- (not comparable, of a motor vehicle) Having a manual transmission.
- As normally supplied (not optional).
- (linguistics) Conforming to the standard variety.
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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NounEdit
standard (plural standards)
- A principle or example or measure used for comparison.
- A level of quality or attainment.
- 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 8, in The Celebrity:
- The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; […] . Our table in the dining-room became again the abode of scintillating wit and caustic repartee, Farrar bracing up to his old standard, and the demand for seats in the vicinity rose to an animated competition.
- Something used as a measure for comparative evaluations; a model.
- 1712, Jonathan Swift, A Proposal For Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue
- the court, which used to be the standard of propriety and correctness of speech
- 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France
- A disposition to preserve, and an ability to improve, taken together, would be my standard of a statesman.
- 1712, Jonathan Swift, A Proposal For Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue
- A musical work of established popularity.
- A rule or set of rules or requirements which are widely agreed upon or imposed by government.
- The proportion of weights of fine metal and alloy established for coinage.
- 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations
- By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver.
- 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations
- A bottle of wine containing 0.750 liters of fluid.
- (India) Grade level in primary education.
- I am in fifth standard.
- A level of quality or attainment.
- A vertical pole with something at its apex.
- An object supported in an upright position, such as a lamp standard.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess:
- ‘It was called the wickedest street in London and the entrance was just here. I imagine the mouth of the road lay between this lamp standard and the second from the next down there.’
- The flag or ensign carried by a military unit.
- 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “(please specify |book=1 to 20)”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, OCLC 940138160:
- His armies, in the following day, / On those fair plains their standards proud display.
- One of the upright members that supports the horizontal axis of a transit or theodolite.
- Any upright support, such as one of the poles of a scaffold.
- A tree of natural size supported by its own stem, and not dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller species nor trained upon a wall or trellis.
- 1685, William Temple, “Upon the Gardens of Epicurus, or of Gardening in the Year 1685”, in Miscellanea. The Second Part. [...], 2nd edition, London: […] J. R. for Ri[chard] and Ra[lph] Simpson, […], published 1690, OCLC 863624292, page 111:
- In the more temperate parts of France [gardens are] part laid out for Flowers, others for Fruits, ſome Standards, ſome againſt Walls or Paliſades, [...]
- The sheth of a plough.
- An object supported in an upright position, such as a lamp standard.
- A manual transmission vehicle.
- (botany) The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corolla.
- (shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.
- A large drinking cup.
- c. 1590, “A Looking Glass for London”, in The Complete Plays of Robert Greene[1], London: Ernest Ben Limited, published 1909:
- Frolic, my lords; let all the standards walk, / Ply it till every man hath ta’en his load.
- (sociolinguistics) standard idiom, a prestigious or standardized language variety; standard language[1]
HyponymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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InterjectionEdit
standard
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
CzechEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
standard m
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- standard in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- standard in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
standard c (singular definite standarden, plural indefinite standarder)
InflectionEdit
common gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | standard | standarden | standarder | standarderne |
genitive | standards | standardens | standarders | standardernes |
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from English standard.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
standard m (plural standards)
AdjectiveEdit
standard (feminine singular standarde, masculine plural standards, feminine plural standardes)
Usage notesEdit
- Often treated as invariable (with the single form standard used for masculine and feminine, singular and plural), but dictionary accounts vary.[1]
SynonymsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “standard” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Further readingEdit
- “standard” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
ItalianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- standar (misspelling)
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from English.
AdjectiveEdit
standard (invariable)
NounEdit
standard m (invariable)
Related termsEdit
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French estandart, via English standard
AdjectiveEdit
standard (singular and plural standard, comparative mer standard, superlative mest standard)
NounEdit
standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standarder, definite plural standardene)
- a standard
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “standard” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “standard_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
- “standard_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French estandart, via English standard
AdjectiveEdit
standard (singular and plural standard, comparative meir standard, superlative mest standard)
NounEdit
standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standardar, definite plural standardane)
- a standard
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “standard” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From English standard, from Middle English, from Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Old Frankish *standhard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
standard m inan
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | standard | standardy |
genitive | standardu | standardów |
dative | standardowi | standardom |
accusative | standard | standardy |
instrumental | standardem | standardami |
locative | standardzie | standardach |
vocative | standardzie | standardy |
Derived termsEdit
- (noun) standaryzacja
- (adjective) standardowy
Further readingEdit
- standard in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- standard in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-CroatianEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
stàndard m (Cyrillic spelling ста̀ндард)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | standard | standardi |
genitive | standarda | standarda |
dative | standardu | standardima |
accusative | standard | standarde |
vocative | standarde | standardi |
locative | standardu | standardima |
instrumental | standardom | standardima |
SwedishEdit
NounEdit
standard c
DeclensionEdit
Declension of standard | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | standard | standarden | standarder | standarderna |
Genitive | standards | standardens | standarders | standardernas |