lake
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Arose from a contamination of the form of inherited Middle English lake (“small stream of running water, pool, lake”) with Middle English lac (“lake”), from Old French lac (“lake”) or Latin lacus (“lake, basin, tank”). The former, lake (“stream, pool, lake”), is inherited from Old English lacu (“stream, pool, expanse of water, lake”), from Proto-West Germanic *laku, from Proto-Germanic *lakō (“stream, pool, water aggregation”), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *leg- (“to leak, drain”). It is related to Dutch laak (“stream, drainage ditch, pond”), German Low German Lake, Laak (“drainage, marshland”), German Lache (“puddle”), Icelandic lækur (“stream”).[1]
Despite their similarity in form and meaning, the word is not related to English lay (“lake”), Latin lacus (“hollow, lake, pond”), Scottish Gaelic loch (“lake”), Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “waterhole, tank, pond, pit”), all from Proto-Indo-European *lókus, *l̥kwés (“lake, pool”).[2]
NounEdit
lake (plural lakes)
- A large, landlocked stretch of water.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:
- Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days' cruise up the lake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair.
- A large amount of liquid; as, a wine lake.
- 1991, Robert DeNiro (actor), Backdraft:
- So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline?
- 1991, Robert DeNiro (actor), Backdraft:
- (now chiefly dialectal) A small stream of running water; a channel for water; a drain.
- (obsolete) A pit, or ditch.
Usage notesEdit
As with the names of rivers, mounts and mountains, the names of lakes are typically formed by adding the word before or after the unique term: Lake Titicaca or Great Slave Lake. Generally speaking, names formed using adjectives or attributives see lake added to the end, as with Reindeer Lake; lake is usually added before proper names, as with Lake Michigan. This derives from the earlier but now uncommon form lake of ~: for instance, the 19th-century Lake of Annecy is now usually simply Lake Annecy. It frequently occurs, however, that foreign placenames are misunderstood as proper nouns, as with the Chinese Taihu (“Great Lake”) and Qinghai (“Blue Sea”) being frequently rendered as Lake Tai and Qinghai Lake.
SynonymsEdit
- See Thesaurus:lake
Derived termsEdit
- Bassenthwaite Lake
- Big Lake
- Clear Lake
- Detroit Lakes
- Devils Lake
- ephemeral lake
- Great Lakes
- Great Salt Lake
- Green Lake
- Lake Andes
- Lake and Peninsula Borough
- Lake Asphaltites
- Lake Chad
- Lake City
- Lake County
- Lake District
- Lake Geneva
- lakelet
- Lake Louise
- lakeness
- Lake of the Woods
- Lakes
- lakeside, Lakeside
- Lake Station
- lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)
- Lake Tai
- Lake Thun
- lake trout
- Lake Village
- lakeward
- lakish
- Moses Lake
- oxbow lake
- Pine Lake
- Red Lake County
- Red Lake Falls
- Rideau Lakes
- Salt Lake City
- Salt Lake County
- Shell Lake
- Silver Lake
- Spirit Lake
- Storm Lake
- Timber Lake
- Trent Lakes
- Trout Lake
- West Lake
TranslationsEdit
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- Astell, Ann W. (1999) Political Allegory in Late Medieval England, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 192.
- Cameron, Kenneth (1961) English Place Names, B. T. Batsford Limited, →ISBN, page 164.
- Ferguson, Robert (1858) English Surnames: And their Place in the Teutonic Family, G. Routledge & Co., page 368.
- Maetzner, Eduard Adolf Ferdinand (2009) An English Grammar; Methodical, Analytical, and Historical, BiblioBazaar, LLC, →ISBN, page 200.
- Rissanen, Matti (1992) History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 513–514.
- Sisam, Kenneth (2009) Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose, BiblioBazaar, →ISBN.
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English lake, lak, lac (also loke, laik, layke), from Old English lāc (“play, sport, strife, battle, sacrifice, offering, gift, present, booty, message”), from Proto-Germanic *laiką (“play, fight”), *laikaz (“game, dance, hymn, sport”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyg-, *loig-, *leig- (“to bounce, shake, tremble”). Cognate with Old High German leih (“song, melody, music”). Verb form partly from Middle English laken, from Old English lacan, from Proto-Germanic *laikaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyg-. More at lay, -lock.
NounEdit
lake (plural lakes)
Related termsEdit
VerbEdit
lake (third-person singular simple present lakes, present participle laking, simple past and past participle laked)
Etymology 3Edit
From Middle English lake, from Old English *lacen or Middle Dutch laken; both from Proto-Germanic *lakaną (“linen; cloth; sheet”). Cognate with Dutch lake (“linen”), Dutch laken (“linen; bedsheet”), German Laken, Danish lagan, Swedish lakan, Icelandic lak, lakan.
NounEdit
lake (plural lakes)
Etymology 4Edit
From French laque (“lacquer”), from Persian لاک (lâk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa, “one hundred thousand”), referring to the number of insects that gather on the trees and make the resin seep out. Doublet of lakh.
NounEdit
lake (plural lakes)
- In dyeing and painting, an often fugitive crimson or vermillion pigment derived from an organic colorant (cochineal or madder, for example) and an inorganic, generally metallic mordant.
- In the composition of colors for use in products intended for human consumption, made by extending on a substratum of alumina, a salt prepared from one of the certified water-soluble straight colors.
- For example, the name of a lake prepared by extending the aluminum salt prepared from FD&C Blue No. 1 upon the substratum would be FD&C Blue No. 1--Aluminum Lake.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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VerbEdit
lake (third-person singular simple present lakes, present participle laking, simple past and past participle laked)
- To make lake-red.
AnagramsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “lake, n.3.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2021.
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “Lagu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
VerbEdit
lake
AnagramsEdit
Mauritian CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
lake
ReferencesEdit
- Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français
Norwegian BokmålEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Low German lake
NounEdit
lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural laker, definite plural lakene)
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural laker, definite plural lakene)
Etymology 3Edit
As for Etymology 1.
VerbEdit
lake
ReferencesEdit
- “lake” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Low German lake
NounEdit
lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural lakar, definite plural lakane)
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural lakar, definite plural lakane)
Etymology 3Edit
As for Etymology 1.
VerbEdit
lake
ReferencesEdit
- “lake” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Serbo-CroatianEdit
AdjectiveEdit
lake
- inflection of lak:
Seychellois CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
lake
ReferencesEdit
- Danielle D’Offay et Guy Lionnet, Diksyonner Kreol - Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois - Français
SwahiliEdit
AdjectiveEdit
lake
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Borrowed from Middle Low German lâke (“brine; standing water”), from Old Saxon *laca, from Proto-West Germanic *laku (“steam, pool”).[1][2]
NounEdit
lake c
DeclensionEdit
Declension of lake | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | lake | laken | lakar | lakarna |
Genitive | lakes | lakens | lakars | lakarnas |
ReferencesEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
lake c
DeclensionEdit
Declension of lake | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | lake | laken | lakar | lakarna |
Genitive | lakes | lakens | lakars | lakarnas |