jptwtj
Egyptian
editEtymology
editSecondary dual form of tw, joining the (earlier?) form jptwj.
Pronunciation
edit- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /iptuːti/
- Conventional anglicization: iptuti
Determiner
edit |
f du proximal, later vocative demonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian) these two
- (Middle Egyptian, archaizing) O (vocative reference)
Usage notes
editThis demonstrative takes the same functions as jptwj; see the usage notes there. As with jptwj, the full writing is only attested in archaizing Middle Egyptian texts, while Old Egyptian texts use spellings identical to the plural form jptwt.
Inflection
editOld Egyptian demonstratives
determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
proximal to speaker | pn |
tn |
*jpnj |
jptnj, jptntj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj, *jptftj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, p |
tj, tw |
jpwj |
jptwj, jptwtj |
jpw |
jptw, jptwt |
nw |
— |
vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | ||||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | |||
possessive determiners1 | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | |||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ2 | |||
indefinite articles | wꜥ2 |
nhꜣy2 | ||||
|
Alternative forms
editReferences
edit- “jptwtj (lemma ID 851265)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 70.4
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 17
- Edel, Elmar (1955-1964) Altägyptische Grammatik, volume 1, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, § 182 et seq., page 83 et seq.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1929) The Plural and Dual in Old Egyptian, Bruxelles: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth, § 62, pages 63–64