tf
English edit
Phrase edit
tf
- (Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative letter-case form of TF.
Anagrams edit
Egyptian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: tef
Determiner edit
|
f sg distal demonstrative determiner
Usage notes edit
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows or precedes the noun it describes.
It forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative tn, in which tf is distal.
Inflection edit
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
proximal to speaker | pn |
tn, jtn |
*jpnj |
*jptnj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, py, p |
tj, tw, jtw |
jpwj |
*jptwj |
jpw |
jptw |
nw |
— |
vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | ||||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | |||
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | |||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ1 | |||
indefinite articles | wꜥ1 |
nhꜣy1 | ||||
|
Alternative forms edit
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tf
| ||||
tfꜣ | ||||
[since the Middle Kingdom] |
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: tef
Verb edit
|
2-lit.
- (intransitive) to spit (+ m: to spit (something) out) [Pyramid Texts, rarely later]
Usage notes edit
Used chiefly in the context of old religious texts, and particularly in the Heliopolitan cosmogony to describe the creation of the goddess Tefnut from Atum’s spit.
Inflection edit
Conjugation of tf (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: tf, geminated stem: tff
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
tf |
tfw, tf |
tft |
tf, j.tf |
tf, j.tf |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
tf |
ḥr tf |
m tf |
r tf |
suffix conjugation | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | active | contingent | |
aspect / mood | active | ||
perfect | tf.n |
consecutive | tf.jn |
terminative | tft | ||
perfective3 | tf |
obligative1 | tf.ḫr |
imperfective | tf, j.tf1 | ||
prospective3 | tf |
potentialis1 | tf.kꜣ |
subjunctive | tf, j.tf1 |
verbal adjectives | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | |
active | active | passive | |
perfect | tf.n |
— | — |
perfective | tf |
tf |
tff, tffj6, tf2, tfw2 5, tfy2 5 |
imperfective | j.tf1, tf, tfy, tfw5 |
j.tf1, j.tfw1 5, tf, tfj6, tfy6 |
tf, tfw5 |
prospective | tf, tftj7 |
tftj4, tft4 | |
|
Alternative forms edit
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tf
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /tif/ → /tif/ → /tef/ → /tef/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: tef
Noun edit
|
m
- spittle [Pyramid Texts]
Inflection edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 54–55.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 297.6–297.9
Swedish edit
Alternative forms edit
Adjective edit
tf
- Abbreviation of tillförordnad., acting (e.g. manager)