these

See also: These, thèse, and þese

English

Etymology

From Middle English þes, from Old English þas, from Proto-West Germanic *þes-, a form of Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só. Compare with German diese.

Pronunciation

• enPR: thēz, IPA^(key): /ðiːz/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ðiz/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːz

Determiner

these

1. plural of this
   • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎^[1]:

     He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.

   • Seinfeld, The Alternate Side

     These pretzels are making me thirsty.

Usage notes

Depending on the context, the word those may be used either in place of or interchangeably with these.

Translations

plural of this

• Arabic: (nonhuman pl) هٰذِهِ‎ f (hāḏihi), هٰؤُلَاءِ‎ pl (hāʔulāʔi)

  Gulf Arabic: هذيل‎ (haḏēl), هذيلي‎ (haḏēli), هذول‎ (haḏōl)

  Hijazi Arabic: هذول‎ (hādōl, hadōl), هذولا‎ (hādōla, hadōla), ذول‎ (dōl), ذولا‎ (dōla)

• Armenian: այս (hy) (ays)
• Azerbaijani: bunlar
• Beja: een m, taan f
• Belarusian: гэ́тыя pl (hétyja)
• Bulgarian: ти́я (tíja), те́зи (bg) (tézi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 這些／这些 (zh) (zhèxiē)

  Cantonese: 呢啲 (ni¹ di¹, nei¹ di¹)

  Hakka: 這兜／这兜 (yá-têu, liá-têu)

  Min Nan:

  Hokkien: 遮的 (zh-min-nan) (chiâ-ê, chiah-ê, chia-ê), 拽 (choâi, choai)

  Teochew: 只撮 (zi² coh⁴)

• Classical Nahuatl: inihqueh in
• Czech: tito (cs), tyto (cs), tato (cs)
• Dutch: die (nl) m or f, deze (nl) m or f
• Esperanto: ĉi tiuj, tiuj ĉi
• Estonian: need (et) pl
• Finnish: nämä (fi)
• French: ces (fr) m or f, ces …-ci pl
• Georgian: ესენი (eseni)
• German: diese (de)
• Greenlandic: makku
• Guaraní: ko'ã
• Hopi: ima
• Hungarian: ezek (hu), ezeket (hu)
• Icelandic: þessir (is) m, þessar (is) f, þessi (is) n
• Ido: ici (io) pl, ci (io) pl
• Ingrian: nämät
• Interlingua: iste (ia)
• Italian: questi (it)
• Japanese: この (ja) (kono) (same as singular), (for plural) これらの (korera-no)
• Kazakh: бұлар (kk) (būlar)
• Macedonian: овие pl (ovie)
• Maltese: dawn
• Maori: ēnei
• Norwegian: disse (no)
• Polish: te (pl) pl or f, ci (pl) pl or m (see: ten for all forms)
• Portuguese: estes (pt) (1st person, close to the speaker); esses (pt) (2nd person, close to the listener)
• Romanian: acești m pl, aceste f pl, ăștia m pl (informal), astea f pl (informal)
• Russian: э́ти (ru) pl (éti)
• Scots: thir
• Scottish Gaelic: seo
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ови pl

  Roman: ovi (sh) pl

• Slovak: títo
• Slovene: ti (sl) pl
• Spanish: estos (es) m, estas (es) f
• Swedish: de här (sv), dessa (sv), dom här (informal)
• Talysh:
• Thai: เหล่านี้ (làoníi)

  Asalemi: ام‎ (əm)

• Ukrainian: ці pl (ci)
• Walloon: ces (wa) m or f (followed by adverb "ci" or "cial" or "vola" after noun)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Aramaic:

  Hebrew: הלין‎ c (hāleyn, holeyn)

  Syriac: ܗܠܝܢ‎ c (hāleyn, holeyn)

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} deze (nl)
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} questi (it)
• Japanese: ^{(please verify)} これら (ja) (korera)
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 이것들 (igeotdeul), ^{(please verify)} 이걸 (igeol)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ئەمانە‎ (emane)

• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} dessa (sv), ^{(please verify)} de här (sv)
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} bunlar (tr)

Pronoun

these

1. plural of this

Translations

plural of this

• Armenian: սրանք (hy) (srankʿ)

  Old Armenian: սոքա (sokʿa)

• Bulgarian: ти́я (tíja), те́зи (bg) (tézi)
• Czech: tito (cs)
• Finnish: nämä (fi)
• French: ceux-ci (fr), celles-ci (fr)
• Georgian: ესენი (eseni)
• German: diese (de) pl
• Greenlandic: makku
• Hungarian: ezek (hu), ezeket (hu)
• Ido: ici (io) pl, ci (io) pl
• Ingrian: nämät
• Italian: questi (it) m pl
• Japanese: これら (ja) (korera)
• Kannada: ಇವರು m or f (ivaru), ಇವುಗಳು n (ivugaḷu), ಇವು (kn) (ivu)
• Persian: این‌ها‎, اینها‎ (fa) (inhâ)
• Polish: te (pl) pl or f pl, ci (pl) m pl (see: ten for all forms)
• Portuguese: esses (pt), estes (pt) m pl
• Quechua: kaykuna
• Russian: э́ти (ru) (éti)
• Scots: thir anes
• Scottish Gaelic: iad seo
• Slovak: títo
• Spanish: éstos (es)
• Turkish: bu (tr), bunlar (tr) pl
• Turoyo: ܗܰܢܝ‎ (hani)
• Ukrainian: ці (ci)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: ^{(please verify)} هٰذِهِ‎ (hāḏihi)
• Aramaic:

  Hebrew: הלין‎ c (hāleyn, holeyn)

  Syriac: ܗܠܝܢ‎ c (hāleyn, holeyn)

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} deze (nl)
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 이것들 (igeotdeul), ^{(please verify)} 이걸 (igeol)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ئەمانە‎ (emane)

• Mandarin: ^{(please verify)} 這些／这些 (zh), ^{(please verify)} 这些 (zh) (zhèxiē)
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} dessa (sv), ^{(please verify)} de här (sv)

Anagrams

• Sheet, seeth, sheet, thees

Dutch

Alternative forms

• (dated) thesis

Etymology

Borrowed from French thèse, from Latin thēsis, from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈteː.zə/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: the‧se
• Rhymes: -eːzə

Noun

these f (plural theses or thesen)

1. statement, thesis, proposition

   Synonym: stelling

2. thesis (lengthy essay)

   Synonyms: scriptie, proefschrift, dissertatie

Usage notes

• These and proefschrift are general terms for any thesis or dissertation submitted for the attainment of an academic degree, whereas scriptie usually refers specifically to a final assignment as part of a bachelor's or master's degree and dissertatie usually refers to a doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis.

Latin

Noun

these

1. ablative singular of thesis

Middle English

Determiner

these

1. Alternative spelling of þese

Pronoun

these

1. Alternative spelling of þese

Noun

these

1. Alternative spelling of þese (plural of þe (“thigh”))

Old Dutch

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Determiner

these

1. this, these

Inflection

Declension of these

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
nominative	these	thit	thiusa	thiese
accusative	thesen	thit	thesa	thesa
genitive	theses	theses	therro	therre
dative	thesemo	thesemo	therro	thesum
instrumental	thise

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: dēse
  • Dutch: deze, dit
  • Limburgish: deze

Further reading

• “these”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Saxon

Determiner

these m

1. this, these

   an thesum uueroldrīkea uuirkean scoldin: They should work on this world.

Declension

Declension of these

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
nominative	these	thit	thius	thesa
accusative	thesan	thit	thesa	thesa
genitive	theses	theses	thesaro	thesaro
dative	thesemu	thesemu	thesaru	thesum
instrumental	thîs		-

Descendants

• Low German: düsse, disse

Portuguese

Noun

these f (plural theses)

1. Obsolete spelling of tese (used in Portugal until September 1911 and in Brazil until the 1940s).