3ae inf.
- (catenative, with a verb in the infinitive) to have done in the past, to have once done
This verb is often negated with nj to mean “not once” or “never yet (has it happened that...)”.
Conjugation of pꜣw (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: pꜣ, geminated stem: pꜣꜣ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
pꜣt, pꜣj
|
pꜣw, pꜣ
|
pꜣt, pꜣwt, pꜣyt
|
pꜣ
|
pꜣ, pꜣy
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
pꜣ.n
|
pꜣw, pꜣ, pꜣy
|
consecutive
|
pꜣ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
pꜣt, pꜣyt
|
| perfective3
|
pꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
pꜣ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
pꜣ, pꜣy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
pꜣw, pꜣ, pꜣy
|
pꜣw, pꜣ, pꜣy
|
potentialis1
|
pꜣ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
pꜣ, pꜣy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
pꜣ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
pꜣw1, pꜣy, pꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
pꜣ
|
pꜣy, pꜣ
|
| imperfective
|
pꜣꜣ, pꜣꜣy, pꜣꜣw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
pꜣꜣ, pꜣꜣj6, pꜣꜣy6
|
pꜣꜣ, pꜣꜣw5
|
| prospective
|
pꜣw1, pꜣy, pꜣ, pꜣtj7
|
—
|
pꜣwtj1 4, pꜣtj4, pꜣt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
- Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of pꜣw
|
|
|
|
| pꜣw
|
pꜣw
|
pꜣw
|
|
|
|
[chiefly Old Kingdom]
|
demonstrative pronoun
- (Late Egyptian) this, that, these, those
This demonstrative is unmarked for gender and number, and can either be used independently or to introduce a relative clause.
Old Egyptian demonstratives
|
|
determiners
|
pronouns1
|
adverbs
|
| number
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
unmarked
|
| gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
unmarked
|
| proximal to speaker
|
pn
|
tn, jtn
|
*jpnj
|
*jptnj
|
jpn
|
jptn
|
nn
|
—
|
| distal
|
pf
|
tf
|
*jpfj
|
*jptfj
|
jpf
|
jptf
|
nf
|
—
|
| proximal to spoken of
|
pj, pw, py, p
|
tj, tw, jtw
|
jpwj
|
*jptwj
|
jpw
|
jptw
|
nw
|
—
|
| vocative
|
pꜣ
|
tꜣ
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
|
- Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
|
|
determiners and pronouns
|
adverbs
|
| number
|
singular
|
plural1
|
| gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
unmarked
|
| proximal
|
pn
|
tn
|
nn
|
ꜥn
|
| distal
|
pf, pfꜣ
|
tf, tfꜣ
|
nf, nfꜣ
|
ꜥf
|
| ‘copula’; vocative
|
pw, pwy
|
tw, twy
|
nw
|
—
|
| anaphoric
|
pꜣ
|
tꜣ
|
nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
|
- Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
|
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
|
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
plural
|
|
adverb
|
| pronoun
|
pꜣw
|
dj
|
| determiners and pronouns
|
pꜣj
|
tꜣj
|
nꜣj
|
| possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns)
|
pꜣy
|
tꜣy
|
nꜣy
|
| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
|
p-n, pꜣ
|
t-nt, tꜣ
|
nꜣyw, nꜣ
|
| definite articles
|
pꜣ
|
tꜣ
|
nꜣ1
|
| indefinite articles
|
wꜥ1
|
nhꜣy1
|
- Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
|
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 87
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 270.
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 494.18
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 53
